diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/account/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/account/route.ts
index e143cbc6..00a5a2c4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/account/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/account/route.ts
@@ -13,11 +13,18 @@ import {
   isSupabaseConfigurationError,
 } from "@/lib/supabase/config";
 import { createServerSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/server";
+import { readSelfHostedIdentityConfig } from "@/modules/identity/config";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
 const unfinishedRectificationStatuses = ["starting", "active", "paused", "confirming"] as const;
 
+function adminEntryUrl(): string {
+  return process.env.AUTH_PROVIDER?.trim() === "self-hosted"
+    ? `${readSelfHostedIdentityConfig(process.env).adminOrigin}/admin`
+    : "/admin";
+}
+
 function isMissingProfileColumn(error: { code?: string; message?: string } | null) {
   const message = error?.message?.toLowerCase() ?? "";
   return error?.code === "PGRST204"
@@ -109,8 +116,21 @@ export async function GET() {
       profile,
       Array.isArray(rectificationCaseRows) ? rectificationCaseRows : [],
     );
+    const { data: activeSubscriptions, error: subscriptionError } = await admin
+      .from("user_subscriptions")
+      .select("id,status,starts_at,ends_at,product_code,product_version,product_snapshot,entitlement_snapshot")
+      .eq("user_id", userId)
+      .eq("status", "active")
+      .lte("starts_at", new Date().toISOString())
+      .gt("ends_at", new Date().toISOString())
+      .order("ends_at", { ascending: true })
+      .limit(1);
+    if (subscriptionError) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "暂时无法读取会员状态" }, { status: 500 });
+    }
+    const activeSubscription = activeSubscriptions?.[0] ?? null;
     const isAdmin = await isAdminUser(user);
-    const adminUrl = isAdmin ? "/admin/codes" : null;
+    const adminUrl = isAdmin ? adminEntryUrl() : null;
 
     return NextResponse.json({
       user: { id: user.id, email: user.email ?? null },
@@ -118,6 +138,16 @@ export async function GET() {
       isAdmin,
       adminUrl,
       rectificationPriceCredits,
+      activeSubscription: activeSubscription ? {
+        id: activeSubscription.id,
+        status: activeSubscription.status,
+        startsAt: activeSubscription.starts_at,
+        endsAt: activeSubscription.ends_at,
+        productCode: activeSubscription.product_code,
+        productVersion: activeSubscription.product_version,
+        product: activeSubscription.product_snapshot,
+        entitlements: activeSubscription.entitlement_snapshot,
+      } : null,
       hasConfirmedBirthTime: profile.birth_time_status === "confirmed"
         && typeof profile.active_birth_time === "string",
       hasUsableBirthTime: (profile.birth_time_status === "accepted" || profile.birth_time_status === "confirmed")
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/[id]/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/[id]/route.ts
index c53af63d..7d18f679 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/[id]/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/[id]/route.ts
@@ -1,32 +1,43 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-import { requireAdminSession } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
 import { runCodeRpc } from "@/lib/admin/codes";
 import {
   adminErrorResponse,
   invalidQueryResponse,
+  requireHighRiskAdminMutation,
   requestId,
 } from "@/lib/admin/http";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
 const paramsSchema = z.object({ id: z.string().uuid() });
-const updateCodeSchema = z.object({
-  note: z.string().trim().max(500).nullable().optional(),
-  expiresAt: z.string().datetime({ offset: true }).nullable().optional(),
-}).refine((value) => "note" in value || "expiresAt" in value, {
-  message: "至少提供一个可修改字段",
+const revokeCodeSchema = z.object({
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
 });
+const updateCodeSchema = z
+  .object({
+    note: z.string().trim().max(500).nullable().optional(),
+    expiresAt: z.string().datetime({ offset: true }).nullable().optional(),
+    reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
+  })
+  .refine((value) => "note" in value || "expiresAt" in value, {
+    message: "至少提供一个可修改字段",
+  });
 
 export async function PATCH(
   request: Request,
   context: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> },
 ) {
   try {
-    const session = await requireAdminSession("write");
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(
+      request,
+      "billing.adjustments.write",
+    );
     const parsedParams = paramsSchema.safeParse(await context.params);
-    const parsedBody = updateCodeSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
+    const parsedBody = updateCodeSchema.safeParse(
+      await request.json().catch(() => null),
+    );
     if (!parsedParams.success || !parsedBody.success) {
       return invalidQueryResponse();
     }
@@ -41,6 +52,7 @@ export async function PATCH(
         p_note: body.note ?? null,
         p_set_expires_at: "expiresAt" in body,
         p_expires_at: body.expiresAt ?? null,
+        p_reason: body.reason,
       },
     );
     return NextResponse.json({ data: rows[0] });
@@ -54,14 +66,20 @@ export async function DELETE(
   context: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> },
 ) {
   try {
-    const session = await requireAdminSession("write");
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(
+      request,
+      "billing.adjustments.write",
+    );
     const parsed = paramsSchema.safeParse(await context.params);
-    if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse();
+    const parsedBody = revokeCodeSchema.safeParse(
+      await request.json().catch(() => null),
+    );
+    if (!parsed.success || !parsedBody.success) return invalidQueryResponse();
     const rows = await runCodeRpc(
       "admin_revoke_redemption_code",
       session,
       requestId(request),
-      { p_code_id: parsed.data.id },
+      { p_code_id: parsed.data.id, p_reason: parsedBody.data.reason },
     );
     return NextResponse.json({ data: rows[0] });
   } catch (error) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/route.ts
index bab2b438..5e7c3515 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/codes/route.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
 
-import { requireAdminSession } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
-import { mapCode, runCodeRpc, type RedemptionCodeRecord } from "@/lib/admin/codes";
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import {
+  mapCode,
+  runCodeRpc,
+  type RedemptionCodeRecord,
+} from "@/lib/admin/codes";
 import { pageOffset, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
 import {
   adminErrorResponse,
   invalidQueryResponse,
   parseListQuery,
+  requireHighRiskAdminMutation,
   requestId,
 } from "@/lib/admin/http";
 import {
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@ const createCodesSchema = z.object({
   count: z.number().int().min(1).max(100),
   expiresAt: z.string().datetime({ offset: true }).nullable().optional(),
   note: z.string().trim().max(500).nullable().optional(),
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
 });
 
 type CodeRow = {
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ function serializedCodeRow(row: CodeRow) {
 
 export async function GET(request: Request) {
   try {
-    await requireAdminSession();
+    await requirePermission("billing.orders.read");
     const parsed = parseListQuery(request);
     if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
     const { page, pageSize, sort, order, q, status } = parsed.data;
@@ -67,12 +73,19 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
     const conditions: string[] = [];
     if (q) {
       values.push(`%${q}%`);
-      conditions.push(`(c.code_mask ilike $${values.length} or c.note ilike $${values.length})`);
+      conditions.push(
+        `(c.code_mask ilike $${values.length} or c.note ilike $${values.length})`,
+      );
     }
-    if (status && ["available", "expired", "redeemed", "revoked"].includes(status)) {
+    if (
+      status &&
+      ["available", "expired", "redeemed", "revoked"].includes(status)
+    ) {
       const clauses = {
-        available: "c.redeemed_at is null and c.revoked_at is null and (c.expires_at is null or c.expires_at > now())",
-        expired: "c.redeemed_at is null and c.revoked_at is null and c.expires_at <= now()",
+        available:
+          "c.redeemed_at is null and c.revoked_at is null and (c.expires_at is null or c.expires_at > now())",
+        expired:
+          "c.redeemed_at is null and c.revoked_at is null and c.expires_at <= now()",
         redeemed: "c.redeemed_at is not null",
         revoked: "c.revoked_at is not null",
       };
@@ -80,7 +93,8 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
     }
     values.push(pageSize, pageOffset(page, pageSize));
     const sortColumn = sortColumns.get(sort ?? "createdAt") ?? "c.created_at";
-    const rows = await queryAdminRows<CodeRow>(`
+    const rows = await queryAdminRows<CodeRow>(
+      `
       select c.id, c.code_mask, c.credits, c.expires_at, c.note,
         c.created_at, c.redeemed_by, c.redeemed_email, c.redeemed_at,
         c.revoked_by, c.revoked_at,
@@ -95,7 +109,9 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
       ${conditions.length ? `where ${conditions.join(" and ")}` : ""}
       order by ${sortColumn} ${order === "asc" ? "asc" : "desc"}, c.id asc
       limit $${values.length - 1} offset $${values.length}
-    `, values);
+    `,
+      values,
+    );
     return NextResponse.json({
       data: rows.map(serializedCodeRow),
       total: Number(rows[0]?.total_count ?? 0),
@@ -107,10 +123,18 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
 
 export async function POST(request: Request) {
   try {
-    const session = await requireAdminSession("write");
-    const parsed = createCodesSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(
+      request,
+      "billing.adjustments.write",
+    );
+    const parsed = createCodesSchema.safeParse(
+      await request.json().catch(() => null),
+    );
     if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
-    const plainCodes = Array.from({ length: parsed.data.count }, generateRedeemCode);
+    const plainCodes = Array.from(
+      { length: parsed.data.count },
+      generateRedeemCode,
+    );
     const records = plainCodes.map((code) => ({
       codeHash: hashRedeemCode(code),
       codeMask: maskRedeemCode(code),
@@ -123,20 +147,23 @@ export async function POST(request: Request) {
       "admin_create_redemption_codes",
       session,
       operationRequestId,
-      { p_codes: records },
+      { p_codes: records, p_reason: parsed.data.reason },
     );
     const byMask = new Map<string, RedemptionCodeRecord>(
       stored.map((record) => [record.mask, record]),
     );
-    return NextResponse.json({
-      data: {
-        id: operationRequestId,
-        generated: plainCodes.map((code) => ({
-          ...(byMask.get(maskRedeemCode(code)) ?? {}),
-          code,
-        })),
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      {
+        data: {
+          id: operationRequestId,
+          generated: plainCodes.map((code) => ({
+            ...(byMask.get(maskRedeemCode(code)) ?? {}),
+            code,
+          })),
+        },
       },
-    }, { status: 201 });
+      { status: 201 },
+    );
   } catch (error) {
     return adminErrorResponse(error);
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/route.ts
index 50cdd7b5..10e731ef 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/route.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 import crypto from "node:crypto";
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
-import { requireAdminSession } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
 import { isPostgresError, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
-import { adminErrorResponse } from "@/lib/admin/http";
+import { adminErrorResponse, requireHighRiskAdminMutation } from "@/lib/admin/http";
 import { suggestedEpayUrls } from "@/lib/epay/config";
 import { encryptEpayKey } from "@/lib/epay/encryption";
+import { assertConfiguredEpayUrl, assertPublicGatewayUrl } from "@/lib/epay/gateway-policy";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
-const httpUrl = z.string().trim().min(1).max(2048).url().refine((value) => /^https?:\/\//i.test(value), "必须使用 HTTP(S)");
+const epayUrl = z.string().trim().min(1).max(2048).url().refine((value) => {
+  try {
+    assertConfiguredEpayUrl(value);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}, "必须使用 HTTPS；开发测试仅可显式启用 loopback HTTP");
 const settingsSchema = z.object({
-  gatewayUrl: httpUrl,
+  gatewayUrl: epayUrl,
   pid: z.string().trim().min(1).max(200),
-  notifyUrl: httpUrl,
-  returnUrl: httpUrl,
+  notifyUrl: epayUrl,
+  returnUrl: epayUrl,
   siteName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(100),
   chatEnabled: z.boolean(),
   newKey: z.string().min(1).max(1000).optional(),
@@ -77,7 +85,7 @@ async function databaseRow() {
 
 export async function GET() {
   try {
-    await requireAdminSession("read");
+    await requirePermission("billing.orders.read");
     const row = await databaseRow();
     if (row) return NextResponse.json(publicSettings(row, "database"));
     const settings = environmentSettings();
@@ -91,9 +99,14 @@ export async function GET() {
 
 export async function PUT(request: Request) {
   try {
-    const session = await requireAdminSession("write");
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(request, "billing.adjustments.write");
     const parsed = settingsSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
     if (!parsed.success) return NextResponse.json({ error: "易支付配置参数不正确" }, { status: 400 });
+    try {
+      await assertPublicGatewayUrl(parsed.data.gatewayUrl);
+    } catch {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "易支付网关地址必须是允许的 HTTPS 公网地址" }, { status: 400 });
+    }
 
     const existing = await databaseRow();
     if (!existing && !parsed.data.newKey) {
@@ -110,7 +123,7 @@ export async function PUT(request: Request) {
       `, [
         session.user.id,
         session.user.email,
-        session.role,
+        session.roles[0] ?? "admin",
         crypto.randomUUID(),
         parsed.data.gatewayUrl.replace(/\/+$/, ""),
         parsed.data.pid,
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/test/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/test/route.ts
index de157d34..52708ee7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/test/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/epay-settings/test/route.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
-import { AdminAuthorizationError, requireAdminSession } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
-import { adminErrorResponse } from "@/lib/admin/http";
+import { AdminAuthorizationError } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { adminErrorResponse, requireAdminMutation } from "@/lib/admin/http";
 import { epaySubmitUrl, readEpayConfig } from "@/lib/epay/config";
-import { assertPublicGatewayUrl } from "@/lib/epay/gateway-policy";
+import { probePublicEpayGateway } from "@/lib/epay/gateway-policy";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
@@ -10,31 +10,19 @@ function reachableStatus(status: number) {
   return status >= 200 && status < 500;
 }
 
-export async function POST() {
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
   try {
-    await requireAdminSession("write");
+    await requireAdminMutation(request, "billing.adjustments.write");
     const config = await readEpayConfig();
     const submitUrl = epaySubmitUrl(config.gatewayUrl);
-    await assertPublicGatewayUrl(submitUrl);
     const startedAt = performance.now();
-    let response = await fetch(submitUrl, {
-      method: "HEAD",
-      redirect: "manual",
-      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(8_000),
-    });
-    if (response.status === 405 || response.status === 501) {
-      response = await fetch(submitUrl, {
-        method: "GET",
-        redirect: "manual",
-        signal: AbortSignal.timeout(8_000),
-      });
-    }
-    const available = reachableStatus(response.status);
+    const status = await probePublicEpayGateway(submitUrl);
+    const available = reachableStatus(status);
     return NextResponse.json({
       available,
       message: available ? "当前已保存的易支付配置可访问" : "当前已保存的易支付配置暂不可用",
       latencyMs: Math.round(performance.now() - startedAt),
-      status: response.status,
+      status,
     });
   } catch (error) {
     if (error instanceof AdminAuthorizationError) return adminErrorResponse(error);
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/orders/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/orders/route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d36471b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/orders/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { pageOffset, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
+import {
+  adminErrorResponse,
+  invalidQueryResponse,
+  parseListQuery,
+  requestId,
+  requireHighRiskAdminMutation,
+} from "@/lib/admin/http";
+
+export const runtime = "nodejs";
+
+const adjustmentSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().uuid(),
+  action: z.enum(["retry_grant", "compensate", "record_refund"]),
+  expectedVersion: z.number().int().min(0),
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
+});
+
+type Row = {
+  id: string;
+  order_no: string;
+  user_id: string;
+  email: string | null;
+  product_code: string | null;
+  product_version: number | null;
+  money_cents: number;
+  currency: string;
+  status: string;
+  grant_type: string | null;
+  grant_status: string;
+  grant_error: string | null;
+  adjustment_version: number;
+  refund_status: string;
+  refund_amount_cents: number | null;
+  refunded_at: Date | null;
+  paid_at: Date | null;
+  created_at: Date;
+  total_count: string;
+};
+
+type AdjustmentRow = {
+  id: string;
+  order_no: string;
+  status: string;
+  grant_status: string;
+  grant_error: string | null;
+  adjustment_version: number;
+  refund_status: string;
+  refund_amount_cents: number | null;
+  refunded_at: Date | null;
+  action_success: boolean;
+};
+
+export async function GET(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission("billing.orders.read");
+    const parsed = parseListQuery(request);
+    if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
+    const query = parsed.data.q ? `%${parsed.data.q}%` : null;
+    const rows = await queryAdminRows<Row>(
+      `select o.id,o.order_no,o.user_id,u.email,o.product_code,o.product_version,
+        o.money_cents,o.currency,o.status,o.grant_type,o.grant_status,o.grant_error,
+        o.adjustment_version,o.refund_status,o.refund_amount_cents,o.refunded_at,
+        o.paid_at,o.created_at,count(*) over()::text total_count
+       from public.payment_orders o
+       left join identity.users u on u.id=o.user_id
+       where ($1::text is null or o.order_no ilike $1 or u.email ilike $1 or o.user_id::text ilike $1)
+         and ($2::text is null or o.status=$2 or o.grant_status=$2 or o.refund_status=$2)
+       order by o.created_at desc limit $3 offset $4`,
+      [
+        query,
+        parsed.data.status ?? null,
+        parsed.data.pageSize,
+        pageOffset(parsed.data.page, parsed.data.pageSize),
+      ],
+    );
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      data: rows.map((row) => ({
+        id: row.id,
+        orderNo: row.order_no,
+        userId: row.user_id,
+        email: row.email,
+        productCode: row.product_code,
+        productVersion: row.product_version,
+        moneyCents: row.money_cents,
+        currency: row.currency,
+        status: row.status,
+        grantType: row.grant_type,
+        grantStatus: row.grant_status,
+        grantError: row.grant_error,
+        adjustmentVersion: row.adjustment_version,
+        refundStatus: row.refund_status,
+        refundAmountCents: row.refund_amount_cents,
+        refundedAt: row.refunded_at?.toISOString() ?? null,
+        paidAt: row.paid_at?.toISOString() ?? null,
+        createdAt: row.created_at.toISOString(),
+      })),
+      total: Number(rows[0]?.total_count ?? 0),
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    return adminErrorResponse(error);
+  }
+}
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(
+      request,
+      "billing.adjustments.write",
+    );
+    const parsed = adjustmentSchema.safeParse(
+      await request.json().catch(() => null),
+    );
+    if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
+    const rows = await queryAdminRows<AdjustmentRow>(
+      `select * from public.admin_adjust_order(
+        $1::uuid,$2::uuid,$3::text,$4::integer,$5::text,$6::text
+      )`,
+      [
+        session.user.id,
+        parsed.data.id,
+        parsed.data.action,
+        parsed.data.expectedVersion,
+        parsed.data.reason,
+        requestId(request),
+      ],
+    );
+    const row = rows[0];
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      data: row
+        ? {
+            id: row.id,
+            orderNo: row.order_no,
+            status: row.status,
+            grantStatus: row.grant_status,
+            grantError: row.grant_error,
+            adjustmentVersion: row.adjustment_version,
+            refundStatus: row.refund_status,
+            refundAmountCents: row.refund_amount_cents,
+            refundedAt: row.refunded_at?.toISOString() ?? null,
+            actionSuccess: row.action_success,
+          }
+        : null,
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    return adminErrorResponse(error);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/packages/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/packages/route.ts
index 6601686d..9c0e8f70 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/packages/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/packages/route.ts
@@ -1,114 +1,31 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
-import { z } from "zod";
-import { requireAdminSession } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
-import { queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
-import { adminErrorResponse } from "@/lib/admin/http";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
-const schema = z.object({
-  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(80),
-  description: z.string().trim().max(500),
-  priceCents: z.number().int().positive().max(100_000_000),
-  credits: z.number().int().positive().max(10_000_000),
-  sortOrder: z.number().int().min(-100_000).max(100_000),
-  enabled: z.boolean(),
-}).strict();
-const updateSchema = schema.extend({ id: z.string().uuid() });
-const idSchema = z.object({ id: z.string().uuid() }).strict();
+const replacement = "/api/admin/products";
 
-type PackageRow = {
-  id: string;
-  name: string;
-  description: string;
-  price_cents: number;
-  credits: number;
-  sort_order: number;
-  enabled: boolean;
-  created_at: Date;
-  updated_at: Date;
-};
-
-function output(row: PackageRow) {
-  return {
-    id: row.id,
-    name: row.name,
-    description: row.description,
-    priceCents: row.price_cents,
-    credits: row.credits,
-    sortOrder: row.sort_order,
-    enabled: row.enabled,
-    createdAt: row.created_at.toISOString(),
-    updatedAt: row.updated_at.toISOString(),
-  };
+export function GET(request: Request) {
+  return NextResponse.redirect(new URL(replacement, request.url), 308);
 }
 
-export async function GET() {
-  try {
-    await requireAdminSession("read");
-    const rows = await queryAdminRows<PackageRow>(`
-      select id, name, description, price_cents, credits, sort_order, enabled, created_at, updated_at
-      from public.payment_packages
-      order by sort_order, created_at
-    `);
-    return NextResponse.json({ packages: rows.map(output) });
-  } catch (error) {
-    return adminErrorResponse(error);
-  }
+function removedMutation() {
+  return NextResponse.json(
+    {
+      error: "旧套餐写接口已停用，请使用统一商品管理。",
+      replacement,
+    },
+    { status: 410 },
+  );
 }
 
-export async function POST(request: Request) {
-  try {
-    const auth = await requireAdminSession("write");
-    const parsed = schema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
-    if (!parsed.success) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐参数不正确" }, { status: 400 });
-    const p = parsed.data;
-    const rows = await queryAdminRows<PackageRow>(`
-      insert into public.payment_packages
-        (name, description, price_cents, credits, sort_order, enabled, created_by)
-      values ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)
-      returning id, name, description, price_cents, credits, sort_order, enabled, created_at, updated_at
-    `, [p.name, p.description, p.priceCents, p.credits, p.sortOrder, p.enabled, auth.user.id]);
-    return NextResponse.json({ package: output(rows[0]) }, { status: 201 });
-  } catch (error) {
-    return adminErrorResponse(error);
-  }
+export function POST() {
+  return removedMutation();
 }
 
-export async function PATCH(request: Request) {
-  try {
-    await requireAdminSession("write");
-    const parsed = updateSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
-    if (!parsed.success) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐参数不正确" }, { status: 400 });
-    const p = parsed.data;
-    const rows = await queryAdminRows<PackageRow>(`
-      update public.payment_packages
-      set name = $2, description = $3, price_cents = $4, credits = $5,
-          sort_order = $6, enabled = $7, updated_at = clock_timestamp()
-      where id = $1
-      returning id, name, description, price_cents, credits, sort_order, enabled, created_at, updated_at
-    `, [p.id, p.name, p.description, p.priceCents, p.credits, p.sortOrder, p.enabled]);
-    if (!rows[0]) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐不存在" }, { status: 404 });
-    return NextResponse.json({ package: output(rows[0]) });
-  } catch (error) {
-    return adminErrorResponse(error);
-  }
+export function PATCH() {
+  return removedMutation();
 }
 
-export async function DELETE(request: Request) {
-  try {
-    await requireAdminSession("write");
-    const parsed = idSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
-    if (!parsed.success) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐参数不正确" }, { status: 400 });
-    const rows = await queryAdminRows<{ id: string }>(`
-      update public.payment_packages
-      set enabled = false, updated_at = clock_timestamp()
-      where id = $1
-      returning id
-    `, [parsed.data.id]);
-    if (!rows[0]) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐不存在" }, { status: 404 });
-    return NextResponse.json({ ok: true });
-  } catch (error) {
-    return adminErrorResponse(error);
-  }
+export function DELETE() {
+  return removedMutation();
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/products/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/products/route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c909f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/products/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { pageOffset, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
+import { adminErrorResponse, invalidQueryResponse, parseListQuery, requestId, requireHighRiskAdminMutation } from "@/lib/admin/http";
+
+export const runtime = "nodejs";
+
+const entitlementSchema = z.object({
+  featureKey: z.enum(["chat.standard", "chat.premium", "rectification", "report.full", "report.export", "profile.extra"]),
+  allowanceType: z.enum(["access", "unlimited", "quota", "credits"]),
+  allowanceCount: z.number().int().positive().nullable(),
+  resetPeriod: z.enum(["none", "day", "month", "billing_period"]),
+  modelTier: z.enum(["standard", "premium", "internal"]).nullable().optional(),
+  fairUsePolicyId: z.string().trim().max(100).nullable().optional(),
+  metadata: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).default({}),
+}).strict();
+
+const saveSchema = z.object({
+  action: z.literal("save"),
+  id: z.string().uuid().nullable().optional(),
+  code: z.string().regex(/^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{1,79}$/),
+  name: z.string().trim().min(1).max(80),
+  description: z.string().trim().max(1000).default(""),
+  productType: z.enum(["credit_pack", "trial", "subscription"]),
+  billingPeriod: z.enum(["none", "day", "month", "year"]),
+  intervalCount: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
+  priceCents: z.number().int().positive(),
+  currency: z.string().length(3).default("CNY"),
+  enabled: z.boolean(),
+  sortOrder: z.number().int(),
+  oneTimePerUser: z.boolean(),
+  entitlements: z.array(entitlementSchema).min(1),
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
+}).strict();
+const publishSchema = z.object({
+  action: z.literal("publish"),
+  id: z.string().uuid(),
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
+}).strict();
+const mutationSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("action", [saveSchema, publishSchema]);
+
+type ProductRow = {
+  id: string; code: string; version: number; name: string; description: string;
+  product_type: string; billing_period: string; interval_count: number; price_cents: number;
+  currency: string; enabled: boolean; status: string; sort_order: number; one_time_per_user: boolean;
+  effective_from: Date | null; effective_to: Date | null; updated_at: Date; entitlements: unknown;
+  total_count: string;
+};
+
+function output(row: ProductRow) {
+  return {
+    id: row.id, code: row.code, version: row.version, name: row.name, description: row.description,
+    productType: row.product_type, billingPeriod: row.billing_period, intervalCount: row.interval_count,
+    priceCents: row.price_cents, currency: row.currency, enabled: row.enabled, status: row.status,
+    sortOrder: row.sort_order, oneTimePerUser: row.one_time_per_user,
+    effectiveFrom: row.effective_from?.toISOString() ?? null,
+    effectiveTo: row.effective_to?.toISOString() ?? null,
+    updatedAt: row.updated_at.toISOString(), entitlements: row.entitlements,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function GET(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission("billing.products.read");
+    const parsed = parseListQuery(request);
+    if (!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
+    const q = parsed.data.q ? `%${parsed.data.q}%` : null;
+    const rows = await queryAdminRows<ProductRow>(`
+      select p.*,coalesce(jsonb_agg(jsonb_build_object(
+        'featureKey',e.feature_key,'allowanceType',e.allowance_type,'allowanceCount',e.allowance_count,
+        'resetPeriod',e.reset_period,'modelTier',e.model_tier,'fairUsePolicyId',e.fair_use_policy_id,'metadata',e.metadata
+      ) order by e.feature_key) filter(where e.id is not null),'[]'::jsonb) entitlements,
+      count(*) over()::text total_count
+      from public.billing_products p left join public.product_entitlements e on e.product_id=p.id
+      where ($1::text is null or p.code ilike $1 or p.name ilike $1)
+        and ($2::text is null or p.status=$2)
+      group by p.id
+      order by p.updated_at desc limit $3 offset $4
+    `, [q, parsed.data.status ?? null, parsed.data.pageSize, pageOffset(parsed.data.page, parsed.data.pageSize)]);
+    return NextResponse.json({ data: rows.map(output), total: Number(rows[0]?.total_count ?? 0) });
+  } catch (error) { return adminErrorResponse(error); }
+}
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    const body = mutationSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
+    if (!body.success) return invalidQueryResponse(body.error.flatten());
+    const permission = body.data.action === "publish" ? "billing.products.publish" : "billing.products.write";
+    const session = await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(request, permission);
+    const rid = requestId(request);
+    if (body.data.action === "publish") {
+      const rows = await queryAdminRows<{ id: string }>("select public.admin_publish_product($1,$2,$3,$4) id", [session.user.id, body.data.id, body.data.reason, rid]);
+      return NextResponse.json({ data: { id: rows[0]!.id, requestId: rid } });
+    }
+    const value = body.data;
+    const rows = await queryAdminRows<{ id: string }>(`
+      select public.admin_save_product_draft($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9,$10,$11,$12,$13,$14::jsonb,$15,$16) id
+    `, [session.user.id, value.id ?? null, value.code, value.name, value.description, value.productType,
+      value.billingPeriod, value.intervalCount, value.priceCents, value.currency, value.enabled, value.sortOrder,
+      value.oneTimePerUser, JSON.stringify(value.entitlements), value.reason, rid]);
+    return NextResponse.json({ data: { id: rows[0]!.id, requestId: rid } });
+  } catch (error) { return adminErrorResponse(error); }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/subscriptions/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/subscriptions/route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77fa6e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/subscriptions/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { pageOffset, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
+import { adminErrorResponse, invalidQueryResponse, parseListQuery, requestId, requireHighRiskAdminMutation } from "@/lib/admin/http";
+
+export const runtime = "nodejs";
+const mutationSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().uuid(),
+  action: z.enum(["extend", "revoke"]),
+  days: z.number().int().min(1).max(3660).optional(),
+  expectedEndsAt: z.string().datetime(),
+  reason: z.string().trim().min(1).max(500),
+}).strict();
+type Row = { id:string; user_id:string; email:string|null; product_code:string; product_version:number; status:string; starts_at:Date; ends_at:Date; created_at:Date; total_count:string };
+export async function GET(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission("billing.orders.read");
+    const parsed=parseListQuery(request); if(!parsed.success) return invalidQueryResponse(parsed.error.flatten());
+    const q=parsed.data.q?`%${parsed.data.q}%`:null;
+    const rows=await queryAdminRows<Row>(`select s.id,s.user_id,u.email,s.product_code,s.product_version,s.status,s.starts_at,s.ends_at,s.created_at,count(*) over()::text total_count
+      from public.user_subscriptions s left join identity.users u on u.id=s.user_id
+      where ($1::text is null or u.email ilike $1 or s.user_id::text ilike $1 or s.product_code ilike $1) and ($2::text is null or s.status=$2)
+      order by s.created_at desc limit $3 offset $4`,[q,parsed.data.status??null,parsed.data.pageSize,pageOffset(parsed.data.page,parsed.data.pageSize)]);
+    return NextResponse.json({data:rows.map(r=>({id:r.id,userId:r.user_id,email:r.email,productCode:r.product_code,productVersion:r.product_version,status:r.status,startsAt:r.starts_at.toISOString(),endsAt:r.ends_at.toISOString(),createdAt:r.created_at.toISOString()})),total:Number(rows[0]?.total_count??0)});
+  } catch(error){return adminErrorResponse(error);}
+}
+export async function POST(request: Request){
+  try{
+    const body=mutationSchema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(()=>null)); if(!body.success)return invalidQueryResponse(body.error.flatten());
+    const session=await requireHighRiskAdminMutation(request,"billing.adjustments.write"); const rid=requestId(request);
+    const rows=await queryAdminRows<{id:string}>("select public.admin_adjust_subscription($1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7) id",[session.user.id,body.data.id,body.data.action,body.data.days??null,body.data.expectedEndsAt,body.data.reason,rid]);
+    return NextResponse.json({data:{id:rows[0]!.id,requestId:rid}});
+  }catch(error){return adminErrorResponse(error);}
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/admin/usage/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/usage/route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd42bd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/admin/usage/route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { requirePermission } from "@/lib/admin/auth";
+import { pageOffset, queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
+import { adminErrorResponse, invalidQueryResponse, parseListQuery } from "@/lib/admin/http";
+export const runtime="nodejs";
+type Row={id:string;user_id:string;email:string|null;request_id:string;feature_key:string;source:string;requested_model_id:string|null;actual_model_id:string|null;model_config_version:number|null;input_tokens:number;output_tokens:number;cost_microusd:string;duration_ms:number|null;created_at:Date;total_count:string};
+export async function GET(request:Request){try{await requirePermission("billing.orders.read");const p=parseListQuery(request);if(!p.success)return invalidQueryResponse(p.error.flatten());const q=p.data.q?`%${p.data.q}%`:null;const rows=await queryAdminRows<Row>(`select l.id,l.user_id,u.email,l.request_id,l.feature_key,l.source,l.requested_model_id,l.actual_model_id,l.model_config_version,l.input_tokens,l.output_tokens,l.cost_microusd::text,l.duration_ms,l.created_at,count(*) over()::text total_count from public.usage_ledger l left join identity.users u on u.id=l.user_id where ($1::text is null or u.email ilike $1 or l.request_id ilike $1 or l.actual_model_id ilike $1) and ($2::text is null or l.source=$2 or l.feature_key=$2) order by l.created_at desc limit $3 offset $4`,[q,p.data.status??null,p.data.pageSize,pageOffset(p.data.page,p.data.pageSize)]);return NextResponse.json({data:rows.map(r=>({id:r.id,userId:r.user_id,email:r.email,requestId:r.request_id,featureKey:r.feature_key,source:r.source,requestedModelId:r.requested_model_id,actualModelId:r.actual_model_id,modelConfigVersion:r.model_config_version,inputTokens:r.input_tokens,outputTokens:r.output_tokens,costMicrousd:Number(r.cost_microusd),durationMs:r.duration_ms,createdAt:r.created_at.toISOString()})),total:Number(rows[0]?.total_count??0)});}catch(e){return adminErrorResponse(e)}}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/create/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/create/route.ts
index 9686accb..0d65e86f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/create/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/create/route.ts
@@ -5,36 +5,189 @@ import { createAdminSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/admin";
 import { createServerSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/server";
 import { epaySign } from "@/lib/epay/sign";
 import { readEpayAvailability } from "@/lib/epay/availability";
-import { epaySubmitUrl, readEpayConfig, EpayConfigurationError } from "@/lib/epay/config";
+import {
+  epaySubmitUrl,
+  readEpayConfig,
+  EpayConfigurationError,
+} from "@/lib/epay/config";
 import { assertPublicGatewayUrl } from "@/lib/epay/gateway-policy";
+import { loadRuntimeFeatureFlags } from "@/lib/feature-flags";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
-const schema = z.object({ packageId: z.string().uuid() });
+const schema = z
+  .object({
+    productId: z.string().uuid().optional(),
+    packageId: z.string().uuid().optional(),
+  })
+  .refine(
+    (value) => Boolean(value.productId || value.packageId),
+    "product_required",
+  );
+
+type ProductRow = {
+  id: string;
+  code: string;
+  version: number;
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+  product_type: "credit_pack" | "trial" | "subscription";
+  billing_period: "none" | "day" | "month" | "year";
+  interval_count: number;
+  price_cents: number;
+  currency: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  status: string;
+  one_time_per_user: boolean;
+  effective_from: string | null;
+  effective_to: string | null;
+};
+
+type EntitlementRow = {
+  feature_key: string;
+  allowance_type: string;
+  allowance_count: number | null;
+  reset_period: string;
+  model_tier: string | null;
+  fair_use_policy_id: string | null;
+  metadata: unknown;
+};
 
 export async function POST(request: Request) {
   try {
     const client = await createServerSupabaseClient();
-    const { data: { user } } = await client.auth.getUser();
+    const {
+      data: { user },
+    } = await client.auth.getUser();
     if (!user) return NextResponse.json({ error: "请先登录" }, { status: 401 });
     const parsed = schema.safeParse(await request.json().catch(() => null));
-    if (!parsed.success) return NextResponse.json({ error: "请选择有效套餐" }, { status: 400 });
+    if (!parsed.success)
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "请选择有效套餐" }, { status: 400 });
 
     const availability = await readEpayAvailability();
-    if (!availability.enabled) return NextResponse.json({ error: "在线支付暂未开放", code: "EPAY_DISABLED" }, { status: 403 });
+    if (!availability.enabled)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "在线支付暂未开放", code: "EPAY_DISABLED" },
+        { status: 403 },
+      );
     const config = await readEpayConfig();
     const submitUrl = epaySubmitUrl(config.gatewayUrl);
     await assertPublicGatewayUrl(submitUrl);
 
+    const productId = parsed.data.productId ?? parsed.data.packageId!;
     const admin = createAdminSupabaseClient();
-    const { data: pack, error: packError } = await admin.from("payment_packages").select("id,name,price_cents,credits,enabled").eq("id", parsed.data.packageId).eq("enabled", true).maybeSingle();
-    if (packError || !pack) return NextResponse.json({ error: "套餐不存在或已下架" }, { status: 404 });
+    const { data, error: productError } = await admin
+      .from("billing_products")
+      .select(
+        "id,code,version,name,description,product_type,billing_period,interval_count,price_cents,currency,enabled,status,one_time_per_user,effective_from,effective_to",
+      )
+      .eq("id", productId)
+      .maybeSingle();
+    const product = data as ProductRow | null;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    if (
+      productError ||
+      !product ||
+      !product.enabled ||
+      product.status !== "published" ||
+      (product.effective_from && Date.parse(product.effective_from) > now) ||
+      (product.effective_to && Date.parse(product.effective_to) <= now)
+    ) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "套餐不存在或已下架" },
+        { status: 404 },
+      );
+    }
+    if (product.product_type !== "credit_pack") {
+      const flags = await loadRuntimeFeatureFlags(["billing.subscriptions"]);
+      if (!flags.get("billing.subscriptions")?.enabled) {
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: "订阅套餐暂未开放", code: "BILLING_SUBSCRIPTIONS_DISABLED" },
+          { status: 403 },
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    if (product.one_time_per_user) {
+      const { data: redemption, error: redemptionError } = await admin
+        .from("user_product_redemptions")
+        .select("id")
+        .eq("user_id", user.id)
+        .eq("product_code", product.code)
+        .maybeSingle();
+      if (redemptionError)
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: "暂时无法核对体验资格" },
+          { status: 500 },
+        );
+      if (redemption)
+        return NextResponse.json(
+          { error: "该体验套餐每位用户仅限一次" },
+          { status: 409 },
+        );
+    }
+
+    const { data: entitlementRows, error: entitlementError } = await admin
+      .from("product_entitlements")
+      .select(
+        "feature_key,allowance_type,allowance_count,reset_period,model_tier,fair_use_policy_id,metadata",
+      )
+      .eq("product_id", product.id);
+    if (entitlementError)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "暂时无法读取套餐权益" },
+        { status: 500 },
+      );
+    const entitlements = ((entitlementRows ?? []) as EntitlementRow[]).map(
+      (item) => ({
+        featureKey: item.feature_key,
+        allowanceType: item.allowance_type,
+        allowanceCount: item.allowance_count,
+        resetPeriod: item.reset_period,
+        modelTier: item.model_tier,
+        fairUsePolicyId: item.fair_use_policy_id,
+        metadata: item.metadata,
+      }),
+    );
+    const credits =
+      entitlements.find((item) => item.allowanceType === "credits")
+        ?.allowanceCount ?? 0;
+    const productSnapshot = {
+      id: product.id,
+      code: product.code,
+      version: product.version,
+      name: product.name,
+      description: product.description,
+      productType: product.product_type,
+      billingPeriod: product.billing_period,
+      intervalCount: product.interval_count,
+      priceCents: product.price_cents,
+      currency: product.currency,
+      oneTimePerUser: product.one_time_per_user,
+    };
     const orderNo = `JY${Date.now().toString(36)}${crypto.randomBytes(10).toString("hex")}`;
-    const { error: orderError } = await admin.from("payment_orders").insert({ order_no: orderNo, user_id: user.id, package_id: pack.id, money_cents: pack.price_cents, credits: pack.credits });
-    if (orderError) return NextResponse.json({ error: "创建订单失败" }, { status: 500 });
+    const { error: orderError } = await admin.from("payment_orders").insert({
+      order_no: orderNo,
+      user_id: user.id,
+      package_id: product.product_type === "credit_pack" ? product.id : null,
+      product_id: product.id,
+      product_code: product.code,
+      product_version: product.version,
+      product_snapshot: productSnapshot,
+      entitlement_snapshot: entitlements,
+      money_cents: product.price_cents,
+      currency: product.currency,
+      credits,
+      grant_type:
+        product.product_type === "credit_pack"
+          ? "credits"
+          : product.product_type,
+      grant_status: "pending",
+    });
+    if (orderError)
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "创建订单失败" }, { status: 500 });
 
     const params = {
-      money: (pack.price_cents / 100).toFixed(2),
-      name: pack.name,
+      money: (product.price_cents / 100).toFixed(2),
+      name: product.name,
       notify_url: config.notifyUrl,
       out_trade_no: orderNo,
       pid: config.pid,
@@ -42,12 +195,26 @@ export async function POST(request: Request) {
       sitename: config.siteName,
       type: "alipay",
     };
-    const signedParams = { ...params, sign: epaySign(params, config.key), sign_type: "MD5" };
+    const signedParams = {
+      ...params,
+      sign: epaySign(params, config.key),
+      sign_type: "MD5",
+    };
     const payUrl = new URL(submitUrl);
-    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(signedParams)) payUrl.searchParams.set(name, value);
-    return NextResponse.json({ orderNo, payUrl: payUrl.toString(), qrCode: null });
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(signedParams))
+      payUrl.searchParams.set(name, value);
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      orderNo,
+      payUrl: payUrl.toString(),
+      qrCode: null,
+      product: productSnapshot,
+    });
   } catch (error) {
-    if (error instanceof EpayConfigurationError) return NextResponse.json({ error: "易支付尚未配置", code: "EPAY_NOT_CONFIGURED" }, { status: 503 });
+    if (error instanceof EpayConfigurationError)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "易支付尚未配置", code: "EPAY_NOT_CONFIGURED" },
+        { status: 503 },
+      );
     return NextResponse.json({ error: "创建支付失败" }, { status: 500 });
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/notify/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/notify/route.ts
index e7e37cb3..a6fb8bf7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/notify/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/notify/route.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
 const notify = createEpayNotifyHandler({
   readConfig: readEpayConfig,
-  settle: async (args) => await createAdminSupabaseClient().rpc("settle_epay_order", args),
+  settle: async (args) => await createAdminSupabaseClient().rpc("settle_order", args),
 });
 
 export async function POST(request: Request) { return notify(request); }
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/status/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/status/route.ts
index a1451a94..7756b899 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/status/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/epay/status/route.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,43 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { createAdminSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/admin";
 import { createServerSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/server";
+
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
-export async function GET(request: Request) { const client = await createServerSupabaseClient(); const { data: { user } } = await client.auth.getUser(); if (!user) return NextResponse.json({ error: "请先登录" }, { status: 401 }); const orderNo = new URL(request.url).searchParams.get("orderNo"); if (!orderNo) return NextResponse.json({ error: "缺少订单号" }, { status: 400 }); const { data, error } = await createAdminSupabaseClient().from("payment_orders").select("order_no,status,credits,paid_at").eq("order_no", orderNo).eq("user_id", user.id).maybeSingle(); if (error) return NextResponse.json({ error: "暂时无法查询订单" }, { status: 500 }); if (!data) return NextResponse.json({ error: "订单不存在" }, { status: 404 }); return NextResponse.json({ orderNo: data.order_no, status: data.status, credits: data.credits, paidAt: data.paid_at }); }
+
+export async function GET(request: Request) {
+  const client = await createServerSupabaseClient();
+  const { data: { user } } = await client.auth.getUser();
+  if (!user) return NextResponse.json({ error: "请先登录" }, { status: 401 });
+  const orderNo = new URL(request.url).searchParams.get("orderNo");
+  if (!orderNo) return NextResponse.json({ error: "缺少订单号" }, { status: 400 });
+  const admin = createAdminSupabaseClient();
+  const { data, error } = await admin
+    .from("payment_orders")
+    .select("order_no,status,credits,paid_at,grant_type,grant_status,grant_reference_id,grant_error,product_snapshot")
+    .eq("order_no", orderNo)
+    .eq("user_id", user.id)
+    .maybeSingle();
+  if (error) return NextResponse.json({ error: "暂时无法查询订单" }, { status: 500 });
+  if (!data) return NextResponse.json({ error: "订单不存在" }, { status: 404 });
+
+  let subscription = null;
+  if (data.grant_reference_id && (data.grant_type === "subscription" || data.grant_type === "trial")) {
+    const result = await admin
+      .from("user_subscriptions")
+      .select("id,status,starts_at,ends_at,product_code,product_version")
+      .eq("id", data.grant_reference_id)
+      .maybeSingle();
+    if (!result.error) subscription = result.data;
+  }
+  return NextResponse.json({
+    orderNo: data.order_no,
+    status: data.status,
+    credits: data.credits,
+    paidAt: data.paid_at,
+    grantType: data.grant_type,
+    grantStatus: data.grant_status,
+    grantError: data.grant_error,
+    product: data.product_snapshot,
+    subscription,
+  });
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/packages/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/packages/route.ts
index 062128af..98bbd901 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/api/payment/packages/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/api/payment/packages/route.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,116 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { readEpayAvailability } from "@/lib/epay/availability";
+import { loadRuntimeFeatureFlags } from "@/lib/feature-flags";
 import { createAdminSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/admin";
 
 export const runtime = "nodejs";
 
+type EntitlementRow = {
+  feature_key: string;
+  allowance_type: string;
+  allowance_count: number | null;
+  reset_period: string;
+  model_tier: string | null;
+  fair_use_policy_id: string | null;
+  metadata: unknown;
+};
+
+type EntitlementRowWithProduct = EntitlementRow & { product_id: string };
+
+type ProductRow = {
+  id: string;
+  code: string;
+  version: number;
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+  product_type: "credit_pack" | "trial" | "subscription";
+  billing_period: "none" | "day" | "month" | "year";
+  interval_count: number;
+  price_cents: number;
+  currency: string;
+  sort_order: number;
+  effective_from: string | null;
+  effective_to: string | null;
+};
+
 export async function GET() {
   const availability = await readEpayAvailability();
-  if (!availability.enabled) return NextResponse.json({ enabled: false, packages: [] });
+  if (!availability.enabled)
+    return NextResponse.json({ enabled: false, packages: [] });
 
-  const { data, error } = await createAdminSupabaseClient()
-    .from("payment_packages")
-    .select("id,name,description,price_cents,credits,sort_order")
+  const flags = await loadRuntimeFeatureFlags(["billing.subscriptions"]);
+  const subscriptionsEnabled =
+    flags.get("billing.subscriptions")?.enabled ?? false;
+
+  const admin = createAdminSupabaseClient();
+  const { data, error } = await admin
+    .from("billing_products")
+    .select(
+      "id,code,version,name,description,product_type,billing_period,interval_count,price_cents,currency,sort_order,effective_from,effective_to",
+    )
     .eq("enabled", true)
+    .eq("status", "published")
     .order("sort_order")
     .order("created_at");
   if (error) return NextResponse.json({ enabled: false, packages: [] });
+
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const products = ((data ?? []) as ProductRow[]).filter(
+    (product) =>
+      (!product.effective_from || Date.parse(product.effective_from) <= now) &&
+      (!product.effective_to || Date.parse(product.effective_to) > now) &&
+      (subscriptionsEnabled || product.product_type === "credit_pack"),
+  );
+  const productIds = products.map((product) => product.id);
+  const { data: entitlementData, error: entitlementError } =
+    productIds.length === 0
+      ? { data: [] as EntitlementRowWithProduct[], error: null }
+      : await admin
+          .from("product_entitlements")
+          .select(
+            "product_id,feature_key,allowance_type,allowance_count,reset_period,model_tier,fair_use_policy_id,metadata",
+          )
+          .in("product_id", productIds);
+  if (entitlementError)
+    return NextResponse.json({ enabled: false, packages: [] });
+  const entitlementsByProduct = new Map<string, EntitlementRow[]>();
+  for (const entitlement of (entitlementData ??
+    []) as EntitlementRowWithProduct[]) {
+    const current = entitlementsByProduct.get(entitlement.product_id) ?? [];
+    current.push(entitlement);
+    entitlementsByProduct.set(entitlement.product_id, current);
+  }
+
   return NextResponse.json({
     enabled: true,
-    packages: (data || []).map((item) => ({
-      id: item.id,
-      name: item.name,
-      description: item.description,
-      priceCents: item.price_cents,
-      credits: item.credits,
-    })),
+    packages: products.map((product) => {
+      const entitlements = entitlementsByProduct.get(product.id) ?? [];
+      const creditEntitlement = entitlements.find(
+        (item) => item.allowance_type === "credits",
+      );
+      return {
+        id: product.id,
+        productId: product.id,
+        code: product.code,
+        version: product.version,
+        name: product.name,
+        description: product.description,
+        productType: product.product_type,
+        billingPeriod: product.billing_period,
+        intervalCount: product.interval_count,
+        priceCents: product.price_cents,
+        currency: product.currency,
+        credits: creditEntitlement?.allowance_count ?? 0,
+        entitlements: entitlements.map((item) => ({
+          featureKey: item.feature_key,
+          allowanceType: item.allowance_type,
+          allowanceCount: item.allowance_count,
+          resetPeriod: item.reset_period,
+          modelTier: item.model_tier,
+          fairUsePolicyId: item.fair_use_policy_id,
+          metadata: item.metadata,
+        })),
+      };
+    }),
   });
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/page.tsx b/frontend/src/app/page.tsx
index 499a4453..5f8a0629 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/app/page.tsx
@@ -183,6 +183,16 @@ type Account = {
   isAdmin: boolean;
   adminUrl: string | null;
   rectificationPriceCredits: number;
+  activeSubscription: {
+    id: string;
+    status: string;
+    startsAt: string;
+    endsAt: string;
+    productCode: string;
+    productVersion: number;
+    product: { name?: string; productType?: string } | null;
+    entitlements: unknown;
+  } | null;
   hasConfirmedBirthTime: boolean;
   hasUsableBirthTime: boolean;
   rectificationCase: AccountRectificationCaseState | null;
@@ -930,7 +940,7 @@ export default function Home() {
   const [redeemMessage, setRedeemMessage] = useState("");
   const [redeeming, setRedeeming] = useState(false);
   const [paymentEnabled, setPaymentEnabled] = useState(false);
-  const [paymentPackages, setPaymentPackages] = useState<Array<{ id: string; name: string; description: string; priceCents: number; credits: number }>>([]);
+  const [paymentPackages, setPaymentPackages] = useState<Array<{ id: string; name: string; description: string; productType: "credit_pack" | "trial" | "subscription"; billingPeriod: string; intervalCount: number; priceCents: number; credits: number }>>([]);
   const [paymentOrder, setPaymentOrder] = useState<{ orderNo: string; payUrl: string | null; qrCode: string | null; status: string } | null>(null);
   const [paymentError, setPaymentError] = useState("");
   const [payingPackageId, setPayingPackageId] = useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -1254,6 +1264,7 @@ export default function Home() {
             hasConfirmedBirthTime: previewProfile.birthTimeStatus === "confirmed",
             hasUsableBirthTime: previewProfile.birthTimeStatus === "accepted" || previewProfile.birthTimeStatus === "confirmed",
             rectificationCase: null,
+            activeSubscription: null,
             profile: previewProfile,
           });
           setModelCatalog(previewModelCatalog);
@@ -2415,7 +2426,7 @@ export default function Home() {
       ? { kind: "consult" as const, mode: "general_no_birth_time" as const, time: null }
       : initialConsultationRoute;
 
-    if (account.credits <= 0) {
+    if (account.credits <= 0 && !account.activeSubscription) {
       openAccountDialog("redeem", creditTrigger.current);
       return false;
     }
@@ -2520,6 +2531,7 @@ export default function Home() {
         headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
         body: JSON.stringify({
           requestId,
+          sessionId: currentSession.id,
           modelId: currentSession.modelId,
           name: profile.name,
           consultationMode: consultationRoute.mode,
@@ -3082,7 +3094,7 @@ export default function Home() {
                   ? onboardingStep === "name"
                     ? presetMessageFinished ? "输入你的称呼" : "Jyotisha 正在输入…"
                     : "请先完成上方资料"
-                  : account.credits === 0
+                  : account.credits === 0 && !account.activeSubscription
                     ? "余额不足，发送时将打开兑换码"
                     : "例如：未来半年是否适合换工作？"}
               rows={1}
@@ -3235,7 +3247,7 @@ export default function Home() {
 
             {activeAccountDialog === "redeem" && (
               <>
-                <div className="redeem-balance"><span>当前余额</span><strong>{account.credits} 点</strong></div>
+                <div className="redeem-balance"><span>{account.activeSubscription ? "当前会员" : "当前余额"}</span><strong>{account.activeSubscription ? `${account.activeSubscription.product?.name || account.activeSubscription.productCode} · ${new Date(account.activeSubscription.endsAt).toLocaleDateString("zh-CN")} 到期` : `${account.credits} 点`}</strong></div>
                 <form className="redeem-form account-redeem-form" onSubmit={redeem}>
                   <label htmlFor="redeem-code">兑换码</label>
                   <div>
@@ -3246,9 +3258,9 @@ export default function Home() {
                   {redeemMessage && <p className="form-success" role="status">{redeemMessage}</p>}
                 </form>
                 {paymentEnabled && <div className="payment-packages">
-                  <h3>套餐充值</h3>
-                  {paymentPackages.map((item) => <div className="payment-package" key={item.id}><div><strong>{item.name}</strong><span>{item.description || `${item.credits} 点`}</span></div><b>¥{(item.priceCents / 100).toFixed(2)}</b><button className="button-secondary" type="button" onClick={() => void createPayment(item.id)} disabled={Boolean(payingPackageId)}>{payingPackageId === item.id ? "创建中" : "立即支付"}</button></div>)}
-                  {paymentOrder && <div className="payment-status" role="status"><p>订单 {paymentOrder.orderNo}：{paymentOrder.status === "paid" ? "支付成功，点数已到账" : "等待支付"}</p></div>}
+                  <h3>套餐与会员</h3>
+                  {paymentPackages.map((item) => <div className="payment-package" key={item.id}><div><strong>{item.name}</strong><span>{item.description || (item.productType === "credit_pack" ? `${item.credits} 点` : "会员权益")}</span></div><b>¥{(item.priceCents / 100).toFixed(2)}</b><button className="button-secondary" type="button" onClick={() => void createPayment(item.id)} disabled={Boolean(payingPackageId)}>{payingPackageId === item.id ? "创建中" : "立即支付"}</button></div>)}
+                  {paymentOrder && <div className="payment-status" role="status"><p>订单 {paymentOrder.orderNo}：{paymentOrder.status === "paid" ? "支付成功，权益已到账" : "等待支付"}</p></div>}
                 </div>}
                 {paymentError && <p className="form-error" role="alert">{paymentError}</p>}
               </>
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/admin/codes.ts b/frontend/src/lib/admin/codes.ts
index 2a53516b..b782a43f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/admin/codes.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/admin/codes.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import "server-only";
 
-import { createAdminSupabaseClient } from "@/lib/supabase/admin";
-import type { IdentityUser } from "@/modules/identity/contracts";
-import type { AdminRole } from "./auth";
+import { queryAdminRows } from "./database";
+import type { AdminSession } from "./auth";
 
 export type RedemptionCodeRecord = {
   id: string;
@@ -23,57 +22,128 @@ type RpcCodeRow = {
   id: string;
   code_mask: string;
   credits: number;
-  expires_at: string | null;
+  expires_at: Date | string | null;
   note: string | null;
-  created_at: string;
+  created_at: Date | string;
   redeemed_by: string | null;
   redeemed_email: string | null;
-  redeemed_at: string | null;
+  redeemed_at: Date | string | null;
   revoked_by: string | null;
-  revoked_at: string | null;
+  revoked_at: Date | string | null;
 };
 
+type CodeRpcArgs = {
+  admin_create_redemption_codes: {
+    p_codes: unknown;
+    p_reason: string;
+  };
+  admin_update_redemption_code: {
+    p_code_id: string;
+    p_set_note: boolean;
+    p_note: string | null;
+    p_set_expires_at: boolean;
+    p_expires_at: string | null;
+    p_reason: string;
+  };
+  admin_revoke_redemption_code: {
+    p_code_id: string;
+    p_reason: string;
+  };
+};
+
+function isoTimestamp(value: Date | string | null): string | null {
+  return value instanceof Date ? value.toISOString() : value;
+}
+
 export function codeStatus(row: RpcCodeRow): RedemptionCodeRecord["status"] {
+  const expiresAt = isoTimestamp(row.expires_at);
   if (row.redeemed_at) return "redeemed";
   if (row.revoked_at) return "revoked";
-  if (row.expires_at && Date.parse(row.expires_at) <= Date.now()) return "expired";
+  if (expiresAt && Date.parse(expiresAt) <= Date.now()) return "expired";
   return "available";
 }
 
 export function mapCode(row: RpcCodeRow): RedemptionCodeRecord {
+  const expiresAt = isoTimestamp(row.expires_at);
+  const redeemedAt = isoTimestamp(row.redeemed_at);
+  const revokedAt = isoTimestamp(row.revoked_at);
   return {
     id: row.id,
     mask: row.code_mask,
     credits: row.credits,
-    expiresAt: row.expires_at,
+    expiresAt,
     note: row.note,
-    createdAt: row.created_at,
+    createdAt: isoTimestamp(row.created_at)!,
     redeemedBy: row.redeemed_by,
     redeemedEmail: row.redeemed_email,
-    redeemedAt: row.redeemed_at,
+    redeemedAt,
     revokedBy: row.revoked_by,
-    revokedAt: row.revoked_at,
-    status: codeStatus(row),
+    revokedAt,
+    status: codeStatus({
+      ...row,
+      expires_at: expiresAt,
+      created_at: isoTimestamp(row.created_at)!,
+      redeemed_at: redeemedAt,
+      revoked_at: revokedAt,
+    }),
   };
 }
 
-export async function runCodeRpc(
-  functionName:
-    | "admin_create_redemption_codes"
-    | "admin_update_redemption_code"
-    | "admin_revoke_redemption_code",
-  session: { user: IdentityUser; role: AdminRole },
+export async function runCodeRpc<T extends keyof CodeRpcArgs>(
+  functionName: T,
+  session: Pick<AdminSession, "user" | "roles">,
   id: string,
-  args: Record<string, unknown>,
+  args: CodeRpcArgs[T],
 ): Promise<RedemptionCodeRecord[]> {
-  const admin = createAdminSupabaseClient();
-  const { data, error } = await admin.rpc(functionName, {
-    p_actor_user_id: session.user.id,
-    p_actor_email: session.user.email,
-    p_actor_role: session.role,
-    p_request_id: id,
-    ...args,
-  });
-  if (error) throw new Error(error.message);
-  return ((data ?? []) as RpcCodeRow[]).map(mapCode);
+  const common = [
+    session.user.id,
+    session.user.email,
+    session.roles[0] ?? "admin",
+    id,
+  ];
+  let rows: RpcCodeRow[] = [];
+
+  switch (functionName) {
+    case "admin_create_redemption_codes": {
+      const input = args as CodeRpcArgs["admin_create_redemption_codes"];
+      rows = await queryAdminRows<RpcCodeRow>(
+        `select * from public.admin_create_redemption_codes(
+          $1::uuid,$2::text,$3::text,$4::text,$5::jsonb,$6::text
+        )`,
+        [...common, input.p_codes, input.p_reason],
+      );
+      break;
+    }
+    case "admin_update_redemption_code": {
+      const input = args as CodeRpcArgs["admin_update_redemption_code"];
+      rows = await queryAdminRows<RpcCodeRow>(
+        `select * from public.admin_update_redemption_code(
+          $1::uuid,$2::text,$3::text,$4::text,$5::uuid,
+          $6::boolean,$7::text,$8::boolean,$9::timestamptz,$10::text
+        )`,
+        [
+          ...common,
+          input.p_code_id,
+          input.p_set_note,
+          input.p_note,
+          input.p_set_expires_at,
+          input.p_expires_at,
+          input.p_reason,
+        ],
+      );
+      break;
+    }
+    case "admin_revoke_redemption_code": {
+      const input = args as CodeRpcArgs["admin_revoke_redemption_code"];
+      rows = await queryAdminRows<RpcCodeRow>(
+        `select * from public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(
+          $1::uuid,$2::text,$3::text,$4::text,$5::uuid,$6::text
+        )`,
+        [...common, input.p_code_id, input.p_reason],
+      );
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rows.map(mapCode);
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/consultation-billing.ts b/frontend/src/lib/consultation-billing.ts
index ea49dfbb..ae5a409f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/consultation-billing.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/consultation-billing.ts
@@ -6,15 +6,44 @@ const creditResultSchema = z.object({
   error_code: z.string().nullable().optional(),
 });
 
+const authorizationSchema = z.object({
+  success: z.boolean(),
+  reservation_id: z.string().uuid().nullable(),
+  source: z.enum(["subscription", "credits"]).nullable(),
+  credits: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  subscription_id: z.string().uuid().nullable(),
+  reason: z.string().nullable(),
+  retry_after_seconds: z.number().int().nullable(),
+});
+
+const settlementSchema = z.object({
+  success: z.boolean(),
+  reservation_id: z.string().uuid().nullable(),
+  credits: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  error_code: z.string().nullable(),
+});
+
 type CreditRpcName = "begin_consultation_credit" | "complete_consultation_credit" | "cancel_consultation_credit";
 type AccountingClient = {
-  rpc(
-    rpcName: CreditRpcName,
-    args: { p_user_id: string; p_request_id: string },
-  ): PromiseLike<{ data: unknown; error: { message: string } | null }>;
+  rpc(rpcName: string, args: Record<string, unknown>): PromiseLike<{
+    data: unknown;
+    error: { message: string } | null;
+  }>;
 };
 
 export type CreditResult = z.infer<typeof creditResultSchema>;
+export type UsageAuthorization = z.infer<typeof authorizationSchema>;
+export type UsageSettlement = z.infer<typeof settlementSchema>;
+
+export type ActualUsage = {
+  eventKey: string;
+  actualModelId: string;
+  modelConfigVersion?: number;
+  inputTokens: number;
+  outputTokens: number;
+  costMicrousd: number;
+  durationMs: number;
+};
 
 export class CreditRpcError extends Error {
   readonly code: string;
@@ -26,32 +55,92 @@ export class CreditRpcError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+function first(value: unknown) {
+  return Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+}
+
+async function runRpc<T>(
+  accounting: AccountingClient,
+  rpcName: string,
+  args: Record<string, unknown>,
+  schema: z.ZodType<T>,
+): Promise<T> {
+  let lastError = "unknown_billing_error";
+  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= 3; attempt += 1) {
+    try {
+      const { data, error } = await accounting.rpc(rpcName, args);
+      const parsed = schema.safeParse(first(data));
+      if (!error && parsed.success) return parsed.data;
+      lastError = error?.message || "invalid_billing_response";
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "billing_request_failed";
+    }
+    if (attempt < 3) await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, attempt * 150));
+  }
+  throw new CreditRpcError(lastError);
+}
+
 export async function runCreditRpc(
   accounting: AccountingClient,
   rpcName: CreditRpcName,
   userId: string,
   requestId: string,
 ): Promise<CreditResult> {
-  let lastError = "unknown_credit_error";
-
-  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= 3; attempt += 1) {
-    try {
-      const { data, error } = await accounting.rpc(rpcName, {
-        p_user_id: userId,
-        p_request_id: requestId,
-      });
-      const candidate = Array.isArray(data) ? data[0] : data;
-      const parsed = creditResultSchema.safeParse(candidate);
-      if (!error && parsed.success) return parsed.data;
-      lastError = error?.message || "invalid_credit_response";
-    } catch (error) {
-      lastError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : "credit_request_failed";
-    }
-
-    if (attempt < 3) {
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, attempt * 150));
-    }
-  }
-
-  throw new CreditRpcError(lastError);
+  return runRpc(accounting, rpcName, {
+    p_user_id: userId,
+    p_request_id: requestId,
+  }, creditResultSchema);
+}
+
+export async function authorizeUsage(
+  accounting: AccountingClient,
+  input: {
+    userId: string;
+    requestId: string;
+    featureKey: "chat.standard" | "chat.premium" | "rectification" | "report.full" | "report.export";
+    requestedModelId: string;
+    creditCost: number;
+  },
+): Promise<UsageAuthorization> {
+  return runRpc(accounting, "authorize_usage", {
+    p_user_id: input.userId,
+    p_feature_key: input.featureKey,
+    p_requested_model_id: input.requestedModelId,
+    p_request_id: input.requestId,
+    p_credit_cost: input.creditCost,
+  }, authorizationSchema);
+}
+
+export async function completeUsage(
+  accounting: AccountingClient,
+  userId: string,
+  requestId: string,
+  usage: ActualUsage,
+): Promise<UsageSettlement> {
+  return runRpc(accounting, "complete_usage", {
+    p_user_id: userId,
+    p_request_id: requestId,
+    p_actual_usage: {
+      eventKey: usage.eventKey,
+      actualModelId: usage.actualModelId,
+      modelConfigVersion: usage.modelConfigVersion,
+      inputTokens: Math.max(0, Math.trunc(usage.inputTokens)),
+      outputTokens: Math.max(0, Math.trunc(usage.outputTokens)),
+      costMicrousd: Math.max(0, Math.trunc(usage.costMicrousd)),
+      durationMs: Math.max(0, Math.trunc(usage.durationMs)),
+    },
+  }, settlementSchema);
+}
+
+export async function releaseUsage(
+  accounting: AccountingClient,
+  userId: string,
+  requestId: string,
+  reason: string,
+): Promise<UsageSettlement> {
+  return runRpc(accounting, "release_usage", {
+    p_user_id: userId,
+    p_request_id: requestId,
+    p_reason: reason,
+  }, settlementSchema);
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/epay/config-core.ts b/frontend/src/lib/epay/config-core.ts
index 0f58f389..22c5ab2e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/epay/config-core.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/epay/config-core.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { assertConfiguredEpayUrl } from "./gateway-policy";
 import { decryptEpayKey } from "./encryption-core";
 
 export type EpaySettingsRow = {
@@ -17,23 +18,25 @@ export class EpayConfigurationError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
-function validHttpUrl(value: string, label: string) {
+function validEpayUrl(value: string, label: string, env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) {
   try {
-    const url = new URL(value);
-    if (!/^https?:$/.test(url.protocol)) throw new Error();
-    return url;
+    return assertConfiguredEpayUrl(value, env);
   } catch {
     throw new EpayConfigurationError(`${label} 无效`);
   }
 }
 
-export function suggestedEpayUrls(siteAddress = process.env.SITE_ADDRESS) {
+export function suggestedEpayUrls(
+  siteAddress = process.env.SITE_ADDRESS,
+  env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
+) {
   let base: URL;
   try {
-    base = new URL(siteAddress?.trim() || "http://localhost:3000");
-    if (!/^https?:$/.test(base.protocol)) throw new Error();
+    base = validEpayUrl(siteAddress?.trim() || "", "站点地址", env);
   } catch {
-    base = new URL("http://localhost:3000");
+    const allowLoopbackHttp = (env.NODE_ENV === "development" || env.NODE_ENV === "test")
+      && ["true", "1"].includes(env.EPAY_ALLOW_INSECURE_LOOPBACK_HTTP?.trim().toLowerCase() || "");
+    base = new URL(allowLoopbackHttp ? "http://localhost:3000" : "https://localhost:3000");
   }
   return {
     notifyUrl: new URL("/api/payment/epay/notify", base).toString(),
@@ -54,13 +57,13 @@ function completeConfig(values: {
   returnUrl: string;
   siteName: string;
   chatEnabled: boolean;
-}) {
+}, env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv) {
   if (!values.gateway || !values.pid || !values.key || !values.notifyUrl || !values.returnUrl || !values.siteName) {
     throw new EpayConfigurationError();
   }
-  const gatewayUrl = validHttpUrl(values.gateway.replace(/\/+$/, ""), "易支付网关地址");
-  validHttpUrl(values.notifyUrl, "异步通知地址");
-  validHttpUrl(values.returnUrl, "支付返回地址");
+  const gatewayUrl = validEpayUrl(values.gateway.replace(/\/+$/, ""), "易支付网关地址", env);
+  validEpayUrl(values.notifyUrl, "异步通知地址", env);
+  validEpayUrl(values.returnUrl, "支付返回地址", env);
   return { gatewayUrl, pid: values.pid, key: values.key, notifyUrl: values.notifyUrl, returnUrl: values.returnUrl, siteName: values.siteName, chatEnabled: values.chatEnabled };
 }
 
@@ -83,10 +86,10 @@ export async function resolveEpayConfig(
       returnUrl: row.return_url.trim(),
       siteName: row.site_name.trim(),
       chatEnabled: row.chat_enabled,
-    });
+    }, env);
   }
 
-  const defaults = suggestedEpayUrls(env.SITE_ADDRESS);
+  const defaults = suggestedEpayUrls(env.SITE_ADDRESS, env);
   return completeConfig({
     gateway: env.EPAY_GATEWAY_URL?.trim() || "",
     pid: env.EPAY_PID?.trim() || "",
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ export async function resolveEpayConfig(
     returnUrl: env.EPAY_RETURN_URL?.trim() || defaults.returnUrl,
     siteName: env.EPAY_SITE_NAME?.trim() || "Jyotisha",
     chatEnabled: environmentChatEnabled(env.EPAY_CHAT_ENABLED),
-  });
+  }, env);
 }
 
 export function epaySubmitUrl(gatewayUrl: URL) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/epay/gateway-policy.ts b/frontend/src/lib/epay/gateway-policy.ts
index 768b4eec..bfce9d67 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/epay/gateway-policy.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/epay/gateway-policy.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { promises as dns } from "node:dns";
+import https from "node:https";
 import { isIP } from "node:net";
 
 const blockedHostnames = new Set([
@@ -6,11 +7,21 @@ const blockedHostnames = new Set([
   "localhost.localdomain",
   "metadata.google.internal",
 ]);
+const blockedHostnameSuffixes = [".localhost", ".local", ".internal", ".lan", ".home", ".arpa"];
+const defaultModelProviderOrigins = new Set(["https://api.openai.com"]);
+const defaultLookup: HostLookup = (hostname, options) => dns.lookup(hostname, options);
+
+type ResolvedAddress = Readonly<{ address: string; family: number }>;
+type HostLookup = (
+  hostname: string,
+  options: { all: true; verbatim: true },
+) => Promise<readonly ResolvedAddress[]>;
+type ModelProviderEnvironment = Readonly<Record<string, string | undefined>>;
 
 function blockedIpv4(address: string) {
   const parts = address.split(".").map(Number);
   if (parts.length !== 4 || parts.some((part) => !Number.isInteger(part) || part < 0 || part > 255)) return true;
-  const [a, b] = parts;
+  const [a, b, c] = parts;
   return a === 0
     || a === 10
     || a === 127
@@ -19,7 +30,11 @@ function blockedIpv4(address: string) {
     || (a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31)
     || (a === 192 && b === 0)
     || (a === 192 && b === 168)
+    || (a === 192 && b === 88 && c === 99)
+    || (a === 192 && b === 0 && c === 2)
     || (a === 198 && (b === 18 || b === 19))
+    || (a === 198 && b === 51 && c === 100)
+    || (a === 203 && b === 0 && c === 113)
     || a >= 224;
 }
 
@@ -34,31 +49,227 @@ export function isPublicEpayAddress(address: string) {
     && !normalized.startsWith("fc")
     && !normalized.startsWith("fd")
     && !/^fe[89ab]/.test(normalized)
+    && !normalized.startsWith("ff")
     && !normalized.startsWith("2001:db8:");
 }
 
+function normalizedHostname(url: URL) {
+  const hostname = url.hostname.toLowerCase().replace(/\.$/, "");
+  return hostname.startsWith("[") && hostname.endsWith("]") ? hostname.slice(1, -1) : hostname;
+}
+
+function isLoopbackHostname(hostname: string) {
+  if (hostname === "localhost" || hostname.endsWith(".localhost")) return true;
+  if (isIP(hostname) === 4) return hostname.split(".")[0] === "127";
+  return hostname === "::1" || hostname.toLowerCase().startsWith("::ffff:127.");
+}
+
+function insecureLoopbackHttpEnabled(environment: ModelProviderEnvironment) {
+  const nodeEnvironment = environment.NODE_ENV?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  const enabled = environment.EPAY_ALLOW_INSECURE_LOOPBACK_HTTP?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return (nodeEnvironment === "development" || nodeEnvironment === "test")
+    && (enabled === "true" || enabled === "1");
+}
+
+export function assertConfiguredEpayUrl(
+  value: URL | string,
+  environment: ModelProviderEnvironment = process.env,
+) {
+  const url = value instanceof URL ? value : new URL(value);
+  const hostname = normalizedHostname(url);
+  const insecureLoopback = url.protocol === "http:"
+    && insecureLoopbackHttpEnabled(environment)
+    && isLoopbackHostname(hostname);
+  if ((url.protocol !== "https:" && !insecureLoopback) || url.username || url.password) {
+    throw new Error("易支付地址必须使用 HTTPS；开发测试仅可显式启用 loopback HTTP");
+  }
+  return url;
+}
+
 export function assertPublicEpayGateway(value: URL | string) {
   const url = value instanceof URL ? value : new URL(value);
-  const hostname = url.hostname.toLowerCase().replace(/\.$/, "");
+  const hostname = normalizedHostname(url);
   if (!/^https?:$/.test(url.protocol)
     || url.username
     || url.password
     || blockedHostnames.has(hostname)
-    || hostname.endsWith(".localhost")
-    || hostname.endsWith(".local")
+    || blockedHostnameSuffixes.some((suffix) => hostname.endsWith(suffix))
+    || (!isIP(hostname) && !hostname.includes("."))
     || (isIP(hostname) && !isPublicEpayAddress(hostname))) {
-    throw new Error("易支付网关地址不允许指向本机或内网");
+    throw new Error("网关地址不允许指向本机、内网或内部域名");
   }
   return url;
 }
 
-export async function assertPublicGatewayUrl(value: URL | string) {
+async function resolvePublicUrl(value: URL | string, lookup: HostLookup) {
   const url = assertPublicEpayGateway(value);
-  if (!isIP(url.hostname)) {
-    const addresses = await dns.lookup(url.hostname, { all: true, verbatim: true });
-    if (!addresses.length || addresses.some(({ address }) => !isPublicEpayAddress(address))) {
-      throw new Error("易支付网关地址不允许解析到本机或内网");
-    }
+  const hostname = normalizedHostname(url);
+  const addressFamily = isIP(hostname);
+  const addresses = addressFamily
+    ? [{ address: hostname, family: addressFamily }]
+    : await lookup(hostname, { all: true, verbatim: true });
+  if (!addresses.length || addresses.some(({ address }) => !isPublicEpayAddress(address))) {
+    throw new Error("网关地址不允许解析到本机、内网或保留地址");
   }
-  return url;
+  return { url, addresses };
+}
+
+export async function assertPublicGatewayUrl(
+  value: URL | string,
+  environment: ModelProviderEnvironment = process.env,
+  lookup: HostLookup = defaultLookup,
+) {
+  const configured = assertConfiguredEpayUrl(value, environment);
+  if (configured.protocol === "http:") return configured;
+  return (await resolvePublicUrl(configured, lookup)).url;
+}
+
+function addAllowedOrigin(origins: Set<string>, value: string | undefined) {
+  if (!value) return;
+  try {
+    const url = assertPublicEpayGateway(value.trim());
+    if (url.protocol === "https:") origins.add(url.origin);
+  } catch {
+    // Invalid server-owned entries do not widen the allowlist.
+  }
+}
+
+function modelProviderOrigins(environment: ModelProviderEnvironment) {
+  const origins = new Set(defaultModelProviderOrigins);
+  environment.MODEL_PROVIDER_BASE_URL_ALLOWLIST?.split(",").forEach((value) => addAllowedOrigin(origins, value));
+  addAllowedOrigin(origins, environment.LLM_BASE_URL);
+  try {
+    const entries = JSON.parse(environment.LLM_MODELS_JSON ?? "[]") as unknown;
+    if (Array.isArray(entries)) {
+      for (const entry of entries) {
+        if (entry && typeof entry === "object" && "baseURL" in entry && typeof entry.baseURL === "string") {
+          addAllowedOrigin(origins, entry.baseURL);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // A malformed environment catalog must not widen the allowlist.
+  }
+  return origins;
+}
+
+export async function assertAllowedModelProviderUrl(
+  value: URL | string,
+  environment: ModelProviderEnvironment = process.env,
+  lookup: HostLookup = defaultLookup,
+) {
+  const resolved = await resolvePublicUrl(value, lookup);
+  if (resolved.url.protocol !== "https:" || !modelProviderOrigins(environment).has(resolved.url.origin)) {
+    throw new Error("模型供应商地址不在服务器允许列表中");
+  }
+  return resolved;
+}
+
+async function withinTimeout<T>(operation: Promise<T>, timeoutMs: number, message: string) {
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+  try {
+    return await Promise.race([
+      operation,
+      new Promise<T>((_resolve, reject) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => reject(new Error(message)), timeoutMs);
+      }),
+    ]);
+  } finally {
+    if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+  }
+}
+
+async function requestPinnedHttps(
+  resolved: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof resolvePublicUrl>>,
+  method: "GET" | "HEAD",
+  headers: Readonly<Record<string, string>>,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+  maxResponseBytes: number,
+  label: string,
+) {
+  const pinned = resolved.addresses[0]!;
+  const hostname = normalizedHostname(resolved.url);
+  return await new Promise<number>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const request = https.request(resolved.url, {
+      method,
+      agent: false,
+      headers,
+      servername: isIP(hostname) ? undefined : hostname,
+      lookup: (_hostname, _options, callback) => callback(null, pinned.address, pinned.family),
+    }, (response) => {
+      const status = response.statusCode ?? 0;
+      if (status >= 300 && status < 400) {
+        response.destroy();
+        reject(new Error(`${label}不允许重定向`));
+        return;
+      }
+      let bytes = 0;
+      response.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => {
+        bytes += chunk.length;
+        if (bytes > maxResponseBytes) request.destroy(new Error(`${label}响应超过大小限制`));
+      });
+      response.on("end", () => resolve(status));
+      response.on("error", reject);
+    });
+    request.setTimeout(timeoutMs, () => request.destroy(new Error(`${label}超时`)));
+    request.on("error", reject);
+    request.end();
+  });
+}
+
+export async function probePublicEpayGateway(
+  value: URL | string,
+  options: { timeoutMs?: number; maxResponseBytes?: number; lookup?: HostLookup } = {},
+) {
+  const timeoutMs = Math.min(Math.max(options.timeoutMs ?? 8_000, 1), 10_000);
+  const maxResponseBytes = Math.min(Math.max(options.maxResponseBytes ?? 64 * 1024, 1), 256 * 1024);
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
+  const resolved = await withinTimeout(
+    resolvePublicUrl(value, options.lookup ?? defaultLookup),
+    timeoutMs,
+    "易支付连接测试超时",
+  );
+  if (resolved.url.protocol !== "https:") throw new Error("易支付连接测试必须使用 HTTPS 公网地址");
+  const headStatus = await requestPinnedHttps(
+    resolved,
+    "HEAD",
+    {},
+    Math.max(1, timeoutMs - (Date.now() - startedAt)),
+    maxResponseBytes,
+    "易支付连接测试",
+  );
+  return headStatus === 405 || headStatus === 501
+    ? requestPinnedHttps(
+      resolved,
+      "GET",
+      {},
+      Math.max(1, timeoutMs - (Date.now() - startedAt)),
+      maxResponseBytes,
+      "易支付连接测试",
+    )
+    : headStatus;
+}
+
+export async function probeAllowedModelProvider(
+  value: URL | string,
+  apiKey: string,
+  environment: ModelProviderEnvironment = process.env,
+  options: { timeoutMs?: number; maxResponseBytes?: number; lookup?: HostLookup } = {},
+) {
+  const timeoutMs = Math.min(Math.max(options.timeoutMs ?? 8_000, 1), 10_000);
+  const maxResponseBytes = Math.min(Math.max(options.maxResponseBytes ?? 64 * 1024, 1), 256 * 1024);
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
+  const resolved = await withinTimeout(
+    assertAllowedModelProviderUrl(value, environment, options.lookup ?? defaultLookup),
+    timeoutMs,
+    "模型供应商连接测试超时",
+  );
+  return requestPinnedHttps(
+    resolved,
+    "GET",
+    { accept: "application/json", authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}` },
+    Math.max(1, timeoutMs - (Date.now() - startedAt)),
+    maxResponseBytes,
+    "模型供应商连接测试",
+  );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/feature-flags.ts b/frontend/src/lib/feature-flags.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60bfe17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/feature-flags.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import "server-only";
+
+import { queryAdminRows } from "@/lib/admin/database";
+
+type FeatureFlagRow = {
+  flag_key: string;
+  enabled: boolean;
+  rollout_percentage: number;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
+};
+
+export type RuntimeFeatureFlag = {
+  enabled: boolean;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
+};
+
+type Cache = { expiresAt: number; flags: Map<string, RuntimeFeatureFlag> };
+const state = globalThis as typeof globalThis & { jyotishaFeatureFlagCache?: Cache };
+const cacheTtlMs = 15_000;
+
+export async function loadRuntimeFeatureFlags(keys: readonly string[]) {
+  const cached = state.jyotishaFeatureFlagCache;
+  if (cached && cached.expiresAt > Date.now() && keys.every((key) => cached.flags.has(key))) return cached.flags;
+
+  const rows = await queryAdminRows<FeatureFlagRow>(`
+    select flag_key,enabled,rollout_percentage,config
+    from public.feature_flags
+    where status='published' and flag_key=any($1::text[])
+  `, [keys]);
+  const flags = new Map<string, RuntimeFeatureFlag>();
+  for (const key of keys) flags.set(key, { enabled: false, config: {} });
+  for (const row of rows) {
+    flags.set(row.flag_key, {
+      enabled: row.enabled && row.rollout_percentage === 100,
+      config: row.config,
+    });
+  }
+  state.jyotishaFeatureFlagCache = { expiresAt: Date.now() + cacheTtlMs, flags };
+  return flags;
+}
diff --git a/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806020000_billing_products_subscriptions.sql b/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806020000_billing_products_subscriptions.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a86fc32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806020000_billing_products_subscriptions.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+begin;
+
+create table if not exists public.billing_products (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  code text not null check (code ~ '^[a-z][a-z0-9_]{1,79}$'),
+  version integer not null check (version > 0),
+  name text not null check (char_length(name) between 1 and 80),
+  description text not null default '' check (char_length(description) <= 1000),
+  product_type text not null check (product_type in ('credit_pack', 'trial', 'subscription')),
+  billing_period text not null default 'none' check (billing_period in ('none', 'day', 'month', 'year')),
+  interval_count integer not null default 0 check (interval_count >= 0),
+  price_cents integer not null check (price_cents > 0),
+  currency text not null default 'CNY' check (currency = upper(currency) and char_length(currency) = 3),
+  enabled boolean not null default false,
+  status text not null default 'draft' check (status in ('draft', 'published', 'retired')),
+  sort_order integer not null default 0,
+  one_time_per_user boolean not null default false,
+  effective_from timestamptz,
+  effective_to timestamptz,
+  created_by uuid references auth.users(id) on delete set null,
+  updated_by uuid references auth.users(id) on delete set null,
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  updated_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  unique (code, version),
+  check ((product_type = 'credit_pack' and billing_period = 'none' and interval_count = 0)
+    or (product_type <> 'credit_pack' and billing_period <> 'none' and interval_count > 0)),
+  check (effective_to is null or effective_from is null or effective_to > effective_from)
+);
+
+create unique index if not exists billing_products_one_draft_per_code_idx
+  on public.billing_products(code) where status = 'draft';
+create index if not exists billing_products_public_catalog_idx
+  on public.billing_products(enabled, status, effective_from, sort_order);
+
+create table if not exists public.product_entitlements (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  product_id uuid not null references public.billing_products(id) on delete cascade,
+  feature_key text not null check (feature_key in ('chat.standard', 'chat.premium', 'rectification', 'report.full', 'report.export', 'profile.extra')),
+  allowance_type text not null check (allowance_type in ('access', 'unlimited', 'quota', 'credits')),
+  allowance_count integer check (allowance_count is null or allowance_count > 0),
+  reset_period text not null default 'none' check (reset_period in ('none', 'day', 'month', 'billing_period')),
+  model_tier text,
+  fair_use_policy_id text,
+  metadata jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb check (jsonb_typeof(metadata) = 'object'),
+  unique (product_id, feature_key),
+  check ((allowance_type in ('quota', 'credits') and allowance_count is not null)
+    or (allowance_type in ('access', 'unlimited') and allowance_count is null))
+);
+
+create table if not exists public.user_subscriptions (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  user_id uuid not null references auth.users(id) on delete cascade,
+  product_id uuid not null references public.billing_products(id) on delete restrict,
+  source_order_id uuid not null unique references public.payment_orders(id) on delete restrict,
+  status text not null default 'pending' check (status in ('pending', 'active', 'expired', 'cancelled', 'revoked')),
+  starts_at timestamptz not null,
+  ends_at timestamptz not null,
+  activated_at timestamptz,
+  cancelled_at timestamptz,
+  revoked_at timestamptz,
+  auto_renew boolean not null default false,
+  product_code text not null,
+  product_version integer not null,
+  product_snapshot jsonb not null check (jsonb_typeof(product_snapshot) = 'object'),
+  entitlement_snapshot jsonb not null check (jsonb_typeof(entitlement_snapshot) = 'array'),
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  updated_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  check (ends_at > starts_at)
+);
+create index if not exists user_subscriptions_active_idx
+  on public.user_subscriptions(user_id, starts_at, ends_at) where status = 'active';
+
+create table if not exists public.user_product_redemptions (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  user_id uuid not null references auth.users(id) on delete cascade,
+  product_id uuid not null references public.billing_products(id) on delete restrict,
+  product_code text not null,
+  source_order_id uuid not null unique references public.payment_orders(id) on delete restrict,
+  redeemed_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  unique (user_id, product_code)
+);
+
+alter table public.payment_orders alter column package_id drop not null;
+alter table public.payment_orders alter column credits set default 0;
+alter table public.payment_orders drop constraint if exists payment_orders_credits_check;
+alter table public.payment_orders add constraint payment_orders_credits_check check (credits >= 0);
+alter table public.payment_orders drop constraint if exists payment_orders_status_check;
+alter table public.payment_orders add constraint payment_orders_status_check
+  check (status in ('pending', 'paid', 'grant_pending', 'granted', 'failed', 'expired', 'refunded'));
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  add column if not exists product_id uuid references public.billing_products(id) on delete restrict,
+  add column if not exists product_code text,
+  add column if not exists product_version integer,
+  add column if not exists currency text not null default 'CNY',
+  add column if not exists product_snapshot jsonb,
+  add column if not exists entitlement_snapshot jsonb,
+  add column if not exists grant_type text check (grant_type in ('credits', 'trial', 'subscription')),
+  add column if not exists grant_status text not null default 'pending' check (grant_status in ('pending', 'granted', 'failed', 'reversed')),
+  add column if not exists grant_reference_id uuid,
+  add column if not exists grant_error text,
+  add column if not exists granted_at timestamptz;
+create index if not exists payment_orders_product_idx on public.payment_orders(product_id, created_at desc);
+
+insert into public.billing_products (
+  id, code, version, name, description, product_type, billing_period, interval_count,
+  price_cents, enabled, status, sort_order, effective_from, created_by, updated_by
+)
+select p.id, 'legacy_credit_' || replace(p.id::text, '-', ''), 1, p.name, p.description,
+  'credit_pack', 'none', 0, p.price_cents, p.enabled, 'published', p.sort_order,
+  p.created_at, p.created_by, p.created_by
+from public.payment_packages p
+on conflict (id) do nothing;
+
+insert into public.product_entitlements(product_id, feature_key, allowance_type, allowance_count, reset_period, metadata)
+select p.id, 'chat.standard', 'credits', p.credits, 'none', jsonb_build_object('legacyPackageId', p.id)
+from public.payment_packages p
+on conflict (product_id, feature_key) do nothing;
+
+update public.payment_orders o
+set product_id = coalesce(o.product_id, o.package_id),
+    product_code = coalesce(o.product_code, bp.code),
+    product_version = coalesce(o.product_version, bp.version),
+    product_snapshot = coalesce(o.product_snapshot, jsonb_build_object(
+      'id', bp.id, 'code', bp.code, 'version', bp.version, 'name', bp.name,
+      'productType', bp.product_type, 'priceCents', bp.price_cents, 'currency', bp.currency)),
+    entitlement_snapshot = coalesce(o.entitlement_snapshot,
+      jsonb_build_array(jsonb_build_object('featureKey', 'chat.standard', 'allowanceType', 'credits', 'allowanceCount', o.credits))),
+    grant_type = coalesce(o.grant_type, 'credits'),
+    grant_status = case when o.status = 'paid' then 'granted' else coalesce(o.grant_status, 'pending') end,
+    granted_at = case when o.status = 'paid' then coalesce(o.granted_at, o.paid_at) else o.granted_at end
+from public.billing_products bp
+where o.package_id = bp.id;
+
+insert into public.billing_products (
+  id, code, version, name, description, product_type, billing_period, interval_count,
+  price_cents, enabled, status, sort_order, one_time_per_user, effective_from
+) values
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000901', 'trial_7d', 1, '体验卡', '7 天内标准 AI 咨询 30 次', 'trial', 'day', 7, 990, true, 'published', 10, true, now()),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000902', 'standard_monthly', 1, '标准月卡', '会员期内标准 AI 咨询不限点数，受合理使用规则约束', 'subscription', 'month', 1, 9900, true, 'published', 20, false, now()),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000903', 'standard_yearly', 1, '标准年卡', '会员期内标准 AI 咨询不限点数，受合理使用规则约束', 'subscription', 'year', 1, 59900, true, 'published', 30, false, now()),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000904', 'pro_monthly', 1, 'Pro 月卡', '高级模型与高规格功能，完成数据验证后启用', 'subscription', 'month', 1, 29900, false, 'published', 40, false, now()),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000905', 'pro_yearly', 1, 'Pro 年卡', '高级模型与高规格功能，完成数据验证后启用', 'subscription', 'year', 1, 199900, false, 'published', 50, false, now())
+on conflict (id) do nothing;
+
+insert into public.product_entitlements(product_id, feature_key, allowance_type, allowance_count, reset_period, model_tier, fair_use_policy_id, metadata) values
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000901', 'chat.standard', 'quota', 30, 'none', 'standard', 'trial_default', '{"minuteLimit":6,"dayLimit":30,"billingLimit":30}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000902', 'chat.standard', 'unlimited', null, 'billing_period', 'standard', 'standard_monthly', '{"minuteLimit":6,"dayLimit":100,"billingLimit":2000}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000902', 'rectification', 'quota', 1, 'billing_period', 'standard', null, '{}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000902', 'report.full', 'quota', 1, 'billing_period', 'standard', null, '{}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000903', 'chat.standard', 'unlimited', null, 'billing_period', 'standard', 'standard_yearly', '{"minuteLimit":6,"dayLimit":100,"billingLimit":24000}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000903', 'rectification', 'quota', 12, 'billing_period', 'standard', null, '{"release":"monthly"}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000903', 'report.full', 'quota', 12, 'billing_period', 'standard', null, '{"release":"monthly"}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000904', 'chat.standard', 'unlimited', null, 'billing_period', 'premium', 'pro_monthly', '{"minuteLimit":10,"dayLimit":200,"billingLimit":5000}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000904', 'chat.premium', 'quota', 300, 'billing_period', 'premium', null, '{}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000905', 'chat.standard', 'unlimited', null, 'billing_period', 'premium', 'pro_yearly', '{"minuteLimit":10,"dayLimit":200,"billingLimit":60000}'::jsonb),
+  ('00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000905', 'chat.premium', 'quota', 3600, 'billing_period', 'premium', null, '{}'::jsonb)
+on conflict (product_id, feature_key) do nothing;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_save_product_draft(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid, p_product_id uuid, p_code text, p_name text, p_description text,
+  p_product_type text, p_billing_period text, p_interval_count integer, p_price_cents integer,
+  p_currency text, p_enabled boolean, p_sort_order integer, p_one_time_per_user boolean,
+  p_entitlements jsonb, p_reason text, p_request_id text
+)
+returns uuid
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_id uuid; v_version integer; v_item jsonb;
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id, 'billing.products.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then
+    raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  if jsonb_typeof(p_entitlements) <> 'array' then raise exception 'invalid_entitlements' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  if p_product_id is null then
+    select coalesce(max(version),0)+1 into v_version from public.billing_products where code=p_code;
+    insert into public.billing_products(code,version,name,description,product_type,billing_period,interval_count,
+      price_cents,currency,enabled,status,sort_order,one_time_per_user,created_by,updated_by)
+    values (p_code,v_version,p_name,p_description,p_product_type,p_billing_period,p_interval_count,
+      p_price_cents,upper(p_currency),p_enabled,'draft',p_sort_order,p_one_time_per_user,p_actor_user_id,p_actor_user_id)
+    returning id into v_id;
+  else
+    update public.billing_products set name=p_name,description=p_description,product_type=p_product_type,
+      billing_period=p_billing_period,interval_count=p_interval_count,price_cents=p_price_cents,
+      currency=upper(p_currency),enabled=p_enabled,sort_order=p_sort_order,one_time_per_user=p_one_time_per_user,
+      updated_by=p_actor_user_id,updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where id=p_product_id and status='draft' returning id into v_id;
+    if v_id is null then raise exception 'product_draft_not_found' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  end if;
+  delete from public.product_entitlements where product_id=v_id;
+  for v_item in select value from jsonb_array_elements(p_entitlements)
+  loop
+    insert into public.product_entitlements(product_id,feature_key,allowance_type,allowance_count,
+      reset_period,model_tier,fair_use_policy_id,metadata)
+    values (v_id,v_item->>'featureKey',v_item->>'allowanceType',(v_item->>'allowanceCount')::integer,
+      coalesce(v_item->>'resetPeriod','none'),v_item->>'modelTier',v_item->>'fairUsePolicyId',coalesce(v_item->'metadata','{}'::jsonb));
+  end loop;
+  insert into audit.admin_audit_logs(actor_user_id,actor_email,actor_role,action,target_type,target_id,
+    after_value,request_id,permission_used,reason)
+  select p_actor_user_id,lower(btrim(u.email)),'admin','billing.product.draft.save','billing_product',v_id,
+    jsonb_build_object('code',p_code,'name',p_name),p_request_id,'billing.products.write',btrim(p_reason)
+  from identity.users u where u.id=p_actor_user_id on conflict do nothing;
+  return v_id;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_publish_product(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid, p_product_id uuid, p_reason text, p_request_id text
+)
+returns uuid
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_product public.billing_products%rowtype;
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id, 'billing.products.publish') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  select * into v_product from public.billing_products where id=p_product_id and status='draft' for update;
+  if not found then raise exception 'product_draft_not_found' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  if not exists(select 1 from public.product_entitlements where product_id=p_product_id) then raise exception 'product_entitlements_required' using errcode='23514'; end if;
+  update public.billing_products set enabled=false,status='retired',effective_to=coalesce(effective_to,clock_timestamp()),updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where code=v_product.code and status='published' and id<>p_product_id and effective_to is null;
+  update public.billing_products set status='published',effective_from=coalesce(effective_from,clock_timestamp()),updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where id=p_product_id;
+  insert into audit.admin_audit_logs(actor_user_id,actor_email,actor_role,action,target_type,target_id,
+    after_value,request_id,permission_used,reason)
+  select p_actor_user_id,lower(btrim(u.email)),'admin','billing.product.publish','billing_product',p_product_id,
+    jsonb_build_object('code',v_product.code,'version',v_product.version),p_request_id,'billing.products.publish',btrim(p_reason)
+  from identity.users u where u.id=p_actor_user_id on conflict do nothing;
+  return p_product_id;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_adjust_subscription(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid, p_subscription_id uuid, p_action text, p_days integer,
+  p_expected_ends_at timestamptz, p_reason text, p_request_id text
+)
+returns uuid
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_subscription public.user_subscriptions%rowtype;
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id, 'billing.adjustments.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  select * into v_subscription from public.user_subscriptions where id=p_subscription_id for update;
+  if not found then raise exception 'subscription_not_found' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  if v_subscription.ends_at<>p_expected_ends_at then raise exception 'subscription_version_conflict' using errcode='40001'; end if;
+  if p_action='extend' and p_days between 1 and 3660 then
+    update public.user_subscriptions set ends_at=ends_at+make_interval(days=>p_days),updated_at=clock_timestamp() where id=p_subscription_id;
+  elsif p_action='revoke' then
+    update public.user_subscriptions set status='revoked',revoked_at=clock_timestamp(),updated_at=clock_timestamp() where id=p_subscription_id and status<>'revoked';
+  else
+    raise exception 'invalid_subscription_adjustment' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  insert into audit.admin_audit_logs(actor_user_id,actor_email,actor_role,action,target_type,target_id,before_value,after_value,
+    request_id,permission_used,reason)
+  select p_actor_user_id,lower(btrim(u.email)),'admin','billing.subscription.'||p_action,'user_subscription',p_subscription_id,
+    jsonb_build_object('status',v_subscription.status,'endsAt',v_subscription.ends_at),
+    (select jsonb_build_object('status',s.status,'endsAt',s.ends_at) from public.user_subscriptions s where s.id=p_subscription_id),
+    p_request_id,'billing.adjustments.write',btrim(p_reason) from identity.users u where u.id=p_actor_user_id on conflict do nothing;
+  return p_subscription_id;
+end; $$;
+
+alter table public.billing_products enable row level security;
+alter table public.product_entitlements enable row level security;
+alter table public.user_subscriptions enable row level security;
+alter table public.user_product_redemptions enable row level security;
+revoke all on table public.billing_products, public.product_entitlements, public.user_subscriptions,
+  public.user_product_redemptions from public, anon, authenticated;
+grant select on table public.billing_products, public.product_entitlements to anon, authenticated;
+grant select on table public.user_subscriptions to authenticated;
+grant all on table public.billing_products, public.product_entitlements, public.user_subscriptions,
+  public.user_product_redemptions to service_role;
+
+drop policy if exists billing_products_public_select on public.billing_products;
+create policy billing_products_public_select on public.billing_products for select to anon, authenticated
+  using (status='published' and enabled and effective_from <= now() and (effective_to is null or effective_to > now()));
+drop policy if exists product_entitlements_public_select on public.product_entitlements;
+create policy product_entitlements_public_select on public.product_entitlements for select to anon, authenticated
+  using (exists(select 1 from public.billing_products p where p.id=product_id and p.status='published' and p.enabled and p.effective_from <= now() and (p.effective_to is null or p.effective_to > now())));
+drop policy if exists user_subscriptions_own_select on public.user_subscriptions;
+create policy user_subscriptions_own_select on public.user_subscriptions for select to authenticated using ((select auth.uid())=user_id);
+
+revoke all on function public.admin_save_product_draft(uuid,uuid,text,text,text,text,text,integer,integer,text,boolean,integer,boolean,jsonb,text,text),
+  public.admin_publish_product(uuid,uuid,text,text),public.admin_adjust_subscription(uuid,uuid,text,integer,timestamptz,text,text) from public,anon,authenticated;
+grant execute on function public.admin_save_product_draft(uuid,uuid,text,text,text,text,text,integer,integer,text,boolean,integer,boolean,jsonb,text,text),
+  public.admin_publish_product(uuid,uuid,text,text),public.admin_adjust_subscription(uuid,uuid,text,integer,timestamptz,text,text) to service_role;
+
+do $$ begin
+  if exists(select 1 from pg_roles where rolname='admin_runtime') then
+    grant select on table public.billing_products, public.product_entitlements, public.user_subscriptions,
+      public.user_product_redemptions to admin_runtime;
+    grant execute on function public.admin_save_product_draft(uuid,uuid,text,text,text,text,text,integer,integer,text,boolean,integer,boolean,jsonb,text,text),
+      public.admin_publish_product(uuid,uuid,text,text),public.admin_adjust_subscription(uuid,uuid,text,integer,timestamptz,text,text) to admin_runtime;
+  end if;
+end $$;
+
+commit;
diff --git a/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806030000_settle_order_usage_authorization.sql b/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806030000_settle_order_usage_authorization.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e367e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/supabase/migrations/20260806030000_settle_order_usage_authorization.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,851 @@
+begin;
+
+alter table public.credit_transactions
+  drop constraint if exists credit_transactions_check,
+  drop constraint if exists credit_transactions_transaction_type_check,
+  drop constraint if exists credit_transactions_amount_check;
+alter table public.credit_transactions
+  add constraint credit_transactions_transaction_type_check check (
+    transaction_type in ('redeem', 'reserve', 'refund', 'payment', 'compensation')
+  ),
+  add constraint credit_transactions_amount_check check (
+    (transaction_type = 'reserve' and amount < 0)
+    or (transaction_type in ('redeem', 'refund', 'payment', 'compensation') and amount > 0)
+  );
+
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  add column if not exists adjustment_version integer not null default 0,
+  add column if not exists refund_status text not null default 'none',
+  add column if not exists refund_amount_cents integer,
+  add column if not exists refunded_at timestamptz;
+
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  drop constraint if exists payment_orders_adjustment_version_check,
+  drop constraint if exists payment_orders_refund_status_check,
+  drop constraint if exists payment_orders_refund_amount_check;
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  add constraint payment_orders_adjustment_version_check check (adjustment_version >= 0),
+  add constraint payment_orders_refund_status_check check (refund_status in ('none', 'recorded')),
+  add constraint payment_orders_refund_amount_check check (
+    (refund_status = 'none' and refund_amount_cents is null and refunded_at is null)
+    or (refund_status = 'recorded' and refund_amount_cents = money_cents and refunded_at is not null)
+  );
+
+update public.payment_orders o
+set product_snapshot = jsonb_set(
+  case
+    when jsonb_typeof(o.product_snapshot) = 'object' then o.product_snapshot
+    else jsonb_build_object(
+      'id', p.id,
+      'code', p.code,
+      'version', p.version,
+      'name', p.name,
+      'description', p.description,
+      'productType', p.product_type,
+      'billingPeriod', p.billing_period,
+      'intervalCount', p.interval_count,
+      'priceCents', p.price_cents,
+      'currency', p.currency
+    )
+  end,
+  '{oneTimePerUser}',
+  to_jsonb(p.one_time_per_user),
+  true
+)
+from public.billing_products p
+where o.product_id = p.id;
+
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  drop constraint if exists payment_orders_product_snapshot_one_time_check;
+alter table public.payment_orders
+  add constraint payment_orders_product_snapshot_one_time_check check (
+    product_id is null
+    or (
+      jsonb_typeof(product_snapshot) = 'object'
+      and jsonb_typeof(product_snapshot -> 'oneTimePerUser') = 'boolean'
+    )
+  );
+
+create or replace function public.protect_payment_order_snapshot()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+set search_path = ''
+as $$
+begin
+  if new.user_id is distinct from old.user_id
+    or new.package_id is distinct from old.package_id
+    or new.product_id is distinct from old.product_id
+    or new.product_code is distinct from old.product_code
+    or new.product_version is distinct from old.product_version
+    or new.product_snapshot is distinct from old.product_snapshot
+    or new.entitlement_snapshot is distinct from old.entitlement_snapshot
+    or new.money_cents is distinct from old.money_cents
+    or new.currency is distinct from old.currency
+    or new.credits is distinct from old.credits then
+    raise exception 'payment_order_snapshot_immutable' using errcode = '55000';
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+
+revoke all on function public.protect_payment_order_snapshot() from public, anon, authenticated, service_role;
+drop trigger if exists payment_order_snapshot_immutable on public.payment_orders;
+create trigger payment_order_snapshot_immutable
+  before update of user_id, package_id, product_id, product_code, product_version,
+    product_snapshot, entitlement_snapshot, money_cents, currency, credits
+  on public.payment_orders
+  for each row execute function public.protect_payment_order_snapshot();
+
+create table if not exists public.usage_reservations (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  user_id uuid not null references auth.users(id) on delete cascade,
+  request_id text not null check (char_length(request_id) between 1 and 200),
+  request_fingerprint text check (request_fingerprint is null or request_fingerprint ~ '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'),
+  feature_key text not null check (feature_key in ('chat.standard', 'chat.premium', 'rectification', 'report.full', 'report.export', 'profile.extra')),
+  requested_model_id text,
+  resolved_model_id text,
+  model_config_version integer,
+  source text not null check (source in ('subscription', 'credits')),
+  subscription_id uuid references public.user_subscriptions(id) on delete restrict,
+  credit_amount integer not null default 0 check (credit_amount >= 0),
+  status text not null default 'reserved' check (status in ('reserved', 'completed', 'released')),
+  release_reason text,
+  reserved_at timestamptz not null default clock_timestamp(),
+  completed_at timestamptz,
+  released_at timestamptz,
+  unique (user_id, request_id)
+);
+create index if not exists usage_reservations_subscription_feature_idx
+  on public.usage_reservations(subscription_id, feature_key, reserved_at);
+create index if not exists usage_reservations_user_created_idx
+  on public.usage_reservations(user_id, reserved_at desc);
+
+create table if not exists public.usage_ledger (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  reservation_id uuid not null unique references public.usage_reservations(id) on delete restrict,
+  user_id uuid not null references auth.users(id) on delete cascade,
+  subscription_id uuid references public.user_subscriptions(id) on delete restrict,
+  request_id text not null,
+  feature_key text not null,
+  source text not null check (source in ('subscription', 'credits')),
+  requested_model_id text,
+  actual_model_id text,
+  model_config_version integer,
+  input_tokens integer not null default 0 check (input_tokens >= 0),
+  output_tokens integer not null default 0 check (output_tokens >= 0),
+  cost_microusd bigint not null default 0 check (cost_microusd >= 0),
+  duration_ms integer check (duration_ms is null or duration_ms >= 0),
+  metadata jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb check (jsonb_typeof(metadata) = 'object'),
+  created_at timestamptz not null default clock_timestamp(),
+  unique (user_id, request_id)
+);
+create index if not exists usage_ledger_created_idx on public.usage_ledger(created_at desc);
+create index if not exists usage_ledger_feature_created_idx on public.usage_ledger(feature_key, created_at desc);
+
+create table if not exists public.usage_events (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  reservation_id uuid not null references public.usage_reservations(id) on delete restrict,
+  event_key text not null check (char_length(event_key) between 1 and 200),
+  payload_fingerprint text check (payload_fingerprint is null or payload_fingerprint ~ '^[0-9a-f]{64}$'),
+  actual_model_id text,
+  model_config_version integer,
+  input_tokens integer not null default 0 check (input_tokens >= 0),
+  output_tokens integer not null default 0 check (output_tokens >= 0),
+  cost_microusd bigint not null default 0 check (cost_microusd >= 0),
+  duration_ms integer check (duration_ms is null or duration_ms >= 0),
+  metadata jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb check (jsonb_typeof(metadata) = 'object'),
+  created_at timestamptz not null default clock_timestamp(),
+  unique (reservation_id, event_key)
+);
+
+create or replace function public.authorize_usage(
+  p_user_id uuid, p_feature_key text, p_requested_model_id text, p_request_id text, p_credit_cost integer default 1
+)
+returns table (
+  success boolean, reservation_id uuid, source text, credits integer,
+  subscription_id uuid, reason text, retry_after_seconds integer
+)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare
+  v_request_id text := btrim(p_request_id);
+  v_request_fingerprint text := pg_catalog.encode(pg_catalog.sha256(pg_catalog.convert_to(
+    pg_catalog.jsonb_build_object(
+      'featureKey', p_feature_key,
+      'requestedModelId', p_requested_model_id,
+      'creditCost', p_credit_cost
+    )::text,
+    'UTF8'
+  )), 'hex');
+  v_existing public.usage_reservations%rowtype;
+  v_subscription_id uuid;
+  v_redemption_id uuid;
+  v_subscription_starts_at timestamptz;
+  v_subscription_ends_at timestamptz;
+  v_subscription_billing_period text;
+  v_entitlement jsonb;
+  v_balance integer;
+  v_minute_limit integer;
+  v_day_limit integer;
+  v_billing_limit integer;
+  v_used integer;
+  v_reservation_id uuid;
+  v_allowance_type text;
+  v_allowance_count integer;
+  v_released_months integer;
+  v_allowed_model_tier text;
+  v_requested_model_tier text;
+  v_subscription_failure_id uuid;
+  v_subscription_failure_reason text;
+  v_subscription_retry_after integer;
+  v_subscriptions_enabled boolean := true;
+begin
+  if p_user_id is null then return query select false,null::uuid,null::text,null::integer,null::uuid,'unauthorized'::text,null::integer; return; end if;
+  if v_request_id is null or char_length(v_request_id) not between 1 and 200 or p_credit_cost < 0 then
+    return query select false,null::uuid,null::text,null::integer,null::uuid,'invalid_request'::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+  perform pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtextextended(p_user_id::text || ':' || v_request_id,0));
+  select r.* into v_existing from public.usage_reservations r where r.user_id=p_user_id and r.request_id=v_request_id;
+  if found then
+    select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=p_user_id;
+    if v_existing.request_fingerprint is distinct from v_request_fingerprint then
+      return query select false,v_existing.id,v_existing.source,v_balance,
+        v_existing.subscription_id,'request_conflict'::text,null::integer;
+      return;
+    end if;
+    return query select v_existing.status in ('reserved','completed'),v_existing.id,v_existing.source,v_balance,
+      v_existing.subscription_id,case when v_existing.status='released' then 'request_released' else null end,null::integer;
+    return;
+  end if;
+
+  if pg_catalog.to_regclass('public.feature_flags') is not null then
+    execute $flag$
+      select coalesce((
+        select enabled and rollout_percentage=100
+        from public.feature_flags
+        where flag_key='billing.subscriptions' and status='published'
+      ),false)
+    $flag$ into v_subscriptions_enabled;
+  end if;
+
+  if v_subscriptions_enabled then
+    select s.id, s.starts_at, s.ends_at, s.product_snapshot->>'billingPeriod', e.value
+      into v_subscription_id, v_subscription_starts_at, v_subscription_ends_at,
+        v_subscription_billing_period, v_entitlement
+    from public.user_subscriptions s
+    cross join lateral jsonb_array_elements(s.entitlement_snapshot) e(value)
+    where s.user_id=p_user_id and s.status='active' and s.starts_at<=clock_timestamp() and s.ends_at>clock_timestamp()
+      and e.value->>'featureKey'=p_feature_key
+    order by s.ends_at asc limit 1 for update of s;
+  end if;
+
+  if v_subscription_id is not null then
+    v_subscription_failure_id := v_subscription_id;
+    v_allowance_type := v_entitlement->>'allowanceType';
+    v_allowance_count := nullif(v_entitlement->>'allowanceCount','')::integer;
+    if v_allowance_type='quota' and v_allowance_count is not null
+      and v_entitlement#>>'{metadata,release}'='monthly'
+      and v_subscription_billing_period='year' then
+      v_released_months := greatest(
+        1,
+        extract(year from age(clock_timestamp(),v_subscription_starts_at))::integer*12
+          + extract(month from age(clock_timestamp(),v_subscription_starts_at))::integer
+          + 1
+      );
+      v_allowance_count := least(v_allowance_count,v_released_months);
+    end if;
+    v_allowed_model_tier := v_entitlement->>'modelTier';
+    if p_requested_model_id is not null and v_allowed_model_tier is not null then
+      select v.model_tier into v_requested_model_tier
+      from public.model_configs c join public.model_config_versions v on v.config_id=c.id
+      where c.model_id=p_requested_model_id and v.status='published' and v.enabled limit 1;
+      if v_requested_model_tier is null or (v_allowed_model_tier='standard' and v_requested_model_tier='premium') then
+        v_subscription_failure_reason := 'model_not_included';
+        v_subscription_id := null;
+      end if;
+    end if;
+    v_minute_limit := nullif(v_entitlement#>>'{metadata,minuteLimit}','')::integer;
+    v_day_limit := nullif(v_entitlement#>>'{metadata,dayLimit}','')::integer;
+    v_billing_limit := nullif(v_entitlement#>>'{metadata,billingLimit}','')::integer;
+
+    if v_subscription_id is not null and v_minute_limit is not null then
+      select count(*) into v_used from public.usage_reservations r where r.subscription_id=v_subscription_id
+        and r.feature_key=p_feature_key and r.status in ('reserved','completed') and r.reserved_at>clock_timestamp()-interval '1 minute';
+      if v_used>=v_minute_limit then
+        v_subscription_failure_reason := 'fair_use_minute';
+        v_subscription_retry_after := 60;
+        v_subscription_id := null;
+      end if;
+    end if;
+    if v_subscription_id is not null and v_day_limit is not null then
+      select count(*) into v_used from public.usage_reservations r where r.subscription_id=v_subscription_id
+        and r.feature_key=p_feature_key and r.status in ('reserved','completed') and r.reserved_at>=date_trunc('day',clock_timestamp());
+      if v_used>=v_day_limit then
+        v_subscription_failure_reason := 'fair_use_day';
+        v_subscription_retry_after := greatest(1,extract(epoch from (date_trunc('day',clock_timestamp())+interval '1 day'-clock_timestamp()))::integer);
+        v_subscription_id := null;
+      end if;
+    end if;
+    if v_subscription_id is not null and v_billing_limit is not null then
+      select count(*) into v_used from public.usage_reservations r where r.subscription_id=v_subscription_id
+        and r.feature_key=p_feature_key and r.status in ('reserved','completed');
+      if v_used>=v_billing_limit then
+        v_subscription_failure_reason := 'fair_use_billing_period';
+        v_subscription_retry_after := greatest(1,extract(epoch from (v_subscription_ends_at-clock_timestamp()))::integer);
+        v_subscription_id := null;
+      end if;
+    end if;
+    if v_subscription_id is not null and v_allowance_type='quota' and v_allowance_count is not null then
+      select count(*) into v_used from public.usage_reservations r where r.subscription_id=v_subscription_id
+        and r.feature_key=p_feature_key and r.status in ('reserved','completed');
+      if v_used>=v_allowance_count then
+        v_subscription_failure_reason := 'feature_quota_exhausted';
+        v_subscription_id := null;
+      end if;
+    end if;
+  end if;
+
+  if v_subscription_id is not null then
+    insert into public.usage_reservations(
+      user_id,request_id,request_fingerprint,feature_key,requested_model_id,source,subscription_id
+    )
+    values(p_user_id,v_request_id,v_request_fingerprint,p_feature_key,p_requested_model_id,'subscription',v_subscription_id)
+    returning id into v_reservation_id;
+    select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=p_user_id;
+    return query select true,v_reservation_id,'subscription'::text,v_balance,v_subscription_id,null::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+
+  update public.profiles p set credits=p.credits-p_credit_cost,updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where p.id=p_user_id and p.credits>=p_credit_cost returning p.credits into v_balance;
+  if not found then
+    select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=p_user_id;
+    return query select false,null::uuid,'credits'::text,v_balance,v_subscription_failure_id,
+      case when v_balance is null then 'profile_missing' else coalesce(v_subscription_failure_reason,'insufficient_credits') end,
+      case when v_balance is null then null::integer else v_subscription_retry_after end; return;
+  end if;
+  insert into public.usage_reservations(
+    user_id,request_id,request_fingerprint,feature_key,requested_model_id,source,credit_amount
+  )
+    values(p_user_id,v_request_id,v_request_fingerprint,p_feature_key,p_requested_model_id,'credits',p_credit_cost)
+    returning id into v_reservation_id;
+  if p_credit_cost>0 then
+    insert into public.credit_transactions(user_id,transaction_type,amount,balance_after,request_id,model)
+    values(p_user_id,'reserve',-p_credit_cost,v_balance,v_request_id,p_requested_model_id);
+  end if;
+  return query select true,v_reservation_id,'credits'::text,v_balance,null::uuid,null::text,null::integer;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.complete_usage(
+  p_user_id uuid, p_request_id text, p_actual_usage jsonb default '{}'::jsonb
+)
+returns table(success boolean, reservation_id uuid, credits integer, error_code text)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare
+  v_res public.usage_reservations%rowtype;
+  v_balance integer;
+  v_event_key text := coalesce(nullif(btrim(p_actual_usage->>'eventKey'),''),'request');
+  v_payload_fingerprint text := pg_catalog.encode(pg_catalog.sha256(pg_catalog.convert_to(
+    coalesce(p_actual_usage,'{}'::jsonb)::text,
+    'UTF8'
+  )), 'hex');
+  v_existing_payload_fingerprint text;
+  v_event_inserted boolean;
+begin
+  perform pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtextextended(p_user_id::text || ':' || btrim(p_request_id),0));
+  select * into v_res from public.usage_reservations where user_id=p_user_id and request_id=btrim(p_request_id) for update;
+  select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=p_user_id;
+  if not found then return query select false,null::uuid,null::integer,'profile_missing'::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.id is null then return query select false,null::uuid,v_balance,'request_missing'::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.status='released' then return query select false,v_res.id,v_balance,'request_released'::text; return; end if;
+  insert into public.usage_events(reservation_id,event_key,payload_fingerprint,actual_model_id,model_config_version,
+    input_tokens,output_tokens,cost_microusd,duration_ms,metadata)
+  values(v_res.id,v_event_key,v_payload_fingerprint,p_actual_usage->>'actualModelId',nullif(p_actual_usage->>'modelConfigVersion','')::integer,
+    coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'inputTokens','')::integer,0),coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'outputTokens','')::integer,0),
+    coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'costMicrousd','')::bigint,0),nullif(p_actual_usage->>'durationMs','')::integer,
+    coalesce(p_actual_usage->'metadata','{}'::jsonb))
+  on conflict on constraint usage_events_reservation_id_event_key_key do nothing returning true into v_event_inserted;
+
+  if not coalesce(v_event_inserted,false) then
+    select e.payload_fingerprint into v_existing_payload_fingerprint
+    from public.usage_events e
+    where e.reservation_id=v_res.id and e.event_key=v_event_key;
+    if v_existing_payload_fingerprint is distinct from v_payload_fingerprint then
+      return query select false,v_res.id,v_balance,'event_payload_conflict'::text; return;
+    end if;
+    return query select true,v_res.id,v_balance,null::text; return;
+  end if;
+  update public.usage_reservations set status='completed',completed_at=coalesce(completed_at,clock_timestamp()),
+    resolved_model_id=coalesce(p_actual_usage->>'actualModelId',requested_model_id),
+    model_config_version=coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'modelConfigVersion','')::integer,model_config_version)
+  where id=v_res.id;
+  insert into public.usage_ledger as ledger(reservation_id,user_id,subscription_id,request_id,feature_key,source,
+    requested_model_id,actual_model_id,model_config_version,input_tokens,output_tokens,cost_microusd,duration_ms,metadata)
+  values(v_res.id,v_res.user_id,v_res.subscription_id,v_res.request_id,v_res.feature_key,v_res.source,
+    v_res.requested_model_id,coalesce(p_actual_usage->>'actualModelId',v_res.requested_model_id),
+    nullif(p_actual_usage->>'modelConfigVersion','')::integer,coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'inputTokens','')::integer,0),
+    coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'outputTokens','')::integer,0),coalesce(nullif(p_actual_usage->>'costMicrousd','')::bigint,0),
+    nullif(p_actual_usage->>'durationMs','')::integer,coalesce(p_actual_usage->'metadata','{}'::jsonb))
+  on conflict on constraint usage_ledger_reservation_id_key do update set
+    actual_model_id=coalesce(excluded.actual_model_id,ledger.actual_model_id),
+    model_config_version=coalesce(excluded.model_config_version,ledger.model_config_version),
+    input_tokens=ledger.input_tokens+excluded.input_tokens,
+    output_tokens=ledger.output_tokens+excluded.output_tokens,
+    cost_microusd=ledger.cost_microusd+excluded.cost_microusd,
+    duration_ms=coalesce(ledger.duration_ms,0)+coalesce(excluded.duration_ms,0),
+    metadata=ledger.metadata||excluded.metadata;
+  return query select true,v_res.id,v_balance,null::text;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.release_usage(
+  p_user_id uuid, p_request_id text, p_reason text
+)
+returns table(success boolean, reservation_id uuid, credits integer, error_code text)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_res public.usage_reservations%rowtype; v_balance integer;
+begin
+  perform pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtextextended(p_user_id::text || ':' || btrim(p_request_id),0));
+  select * into v_res from public.usage_reservations where user_id=p_user_id and request_id=btrim(p_request_id) for update;
+  select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=p_user_id for update;
+  if not found then return query select false,null::uuid,null::integer,'profile_missing'::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.id is null then return query select true,null::uuid,v_balance,null::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.status='released' then return query select true,v_res.id,v_balance,null::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.status='completed' then return query select false,v_res.id,v_balance,'request_completed'::text; return; end if;
+  if v_res.source='credits' and v_res.credit_amount>0 then
+    update public.profiles p set credits=p.credits+v_res.credit_amount,updated_at=clock_timestamp() where p.id=p_user_id returning p.credits into v_balance;
+    insert into public.credit_transactions(user_id,transaction_type,amount,balance_after,request_id,model)
+    values(p_user_id,'refund',v_res.credit_amount,v_balance,v_res.request_id,v_res.requested_model_id)
+    on conflict(user_id,transaction_type,request_id) do nothing;
+  end if;
+  update public.usage_reservations set status='released',released_at=clock_timestamp(),release_reason=left(coalesce(p_reason,'released'),500) where id=v_res.id;
+  return query select true,v_res.id,v_balance,null::text;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.settle_order(p_order_no text,p_trade_no text,p_money_cents integer,p_payload_hash text)
+returns table(success boolean,status text,credits integer)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare
+  v_order public.payment_orders%rowtype;
+  v_balance integer;
+  v_entitlements jsonb;
+  v_product_id uuid;
+  v_product_code text;
+  v_product_version integer;
+  v_product_type text;
+  v_billing_period text;
+  v_interval_count integer;
+  v_snapshot_price_cents integer;
+  v_snapshot_currency text;
+  v_one_time_per_user boolean;
+  v_credit_grant integer;
+  v_start timestamptz;
+  v_end timestamptz;
+  v_now timestamptz;
+  v_subscription_id uuid;
+  v_redemption_id uuid;
+  v_overlap boolean;
+  v_grant_error text;
+  v_error_state text;
+  v_error_message text;
+begin
+  if btrim(coalesce(p_trade_no,''))='' or btrim(coalesce(p_payload_hash,''))='' then
+    return query select false,'invalid'::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+  select * into v_order from public.payment_orders where order_no=btrim(p_order_no) for update;
+  if not found or v_order.money_cents<>p_money_cents or v_order.currency<>'CNY' then
+    return query select false,'invalid'::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+
+  perform pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtextextended('payment-trade:'||p_trade_no,0));
+  if v_order.epay_trade_no is distinct from null and v_order.epay_trade_no<>p_trade_no then
+    return query select false,'transaction_mismatch'::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+  if exists(select 1 from public.payment_orders o where o.epay_trade_no=p_trade_no and o.id<>v_order.id) then
+    return query select false,'transaction_conflict'::text,null::integer; return;
+  end if;
+  if v_order.grant_status='granted' then
+    return query select true,'paid'::text,v_order.credits; return;
+  end if;
+
+  update public.payment_orders set
+    status='grant_pending',
+    epay_trade_no=coalesce(epay_trade_no,p_trade_no),
+    raw_notify_payload_hash=coalesce(raw_notify_payload_hash,p_payload_hash),
+    paid_at=coalesce(paid_at,clock_timestamp())
+  where id=v_order.id;
+  perform pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtextextended(v_order.user_id::text||':settle_order',0));
+  v_now := clock_timestamp();
+
+  <<grant_attempt>>
+  begin
+    if jsonb_typeof(v_order.product_snapshot)<>'object' or jsonb_typeof(v_order.entitlement_snapshot)<>'array' then
+      v_grant_error := 'invalid_snapshot'; exit grant_attempt;
+    end if;
+    v_entitlements := v_order.entitlement_snapshot;
+    v_product_id := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'id','')::uuid;
+    v_product_code := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'code','');
+    v_product_version := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'version','')::integer;
+    v_product_type := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'productType','');
+    v_billing_period := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'billingPeriod','');
+    v_interval_count := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'intervalCount','')::integer;
+    v_snapshot_price_cents := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'priceCents','')::integer;
+    v_snapshot_currency := nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'currency','');
+    if jsonb_typeof(v_order.product_snapshot->'oneTimePerUser') is distinct from 'boolean' then
+      v_grant_error := 'invalid_snapshot'; exit grant_attempt;
+    end if;
+    v_one_time_per_user := (v_order.product_snapshot->>'oneTimePerUser')::boolean;
+    if v_product_id is null or v_product_id is distinct from v_order.product_id
+      or v_product_code is null or v_product_code is distinct from v_order.product_code
+      or v_product_version is null or v_product_version is distinct from v_order.product_version
+      or v_product_type not in ('credit_pack','trial','subscription')
+      or v_snapshot_price_cents is distinct from v_order.money_cents or v_snapshot_price_cents<>p_money_cents
+      or v_snapshot_currency is distinct from v_order.currency then
+      v_grant_error := 'invalid_snapshot'; exit grant_attempt;
+    end if;
+
+    if v_product_type='credit_pack' then
+      select coalesce(sum(nullif(e.value->>'allowanceCount','')::integer),0) into v_credit_grant
+      from jsonb_array_elements(v_entitlements) e(value) where e.value->>'allowanceType'='credits';
+      if v_credit_grant<=0 or v_credit_grant is distinct from v_order.credits then
+        v_grant_error := 'invalid_snapshot'; exit grant_attempt;
+      end if;
+      select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=v_order.user_id for update;
+      if not found then v_grant_error := 'profile_missing'; exit grant_attempt; end if;
+      if v_one_time_per_user then
+        insert into public.user_product_redemptions(user_id,product_id,product_code,source_order_id)
+        values(v_order.user_id,v_product_id,v_product_code,v_order.id)
+        on conflict (user_id,product_code) do nothing
+        returning id into v_redemption_id;
+        if v_redemption_id is null then v_grant_error := 'one_time_limit'; exit grant_attempt; end if;
+      end if;
+      update public.profiles p set credits=p.credits+v_credit_grant,updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+        where p.id=v_order.user_id returning p.credits into v_balance;
+      insert into public.credit_transactions(user_id,transaction_type,amount,balance_after,request_id)
+        values(v_order.user_id,'payment',v_credit_grant,v_balance,v_order.order_no);
+      update public.payment_orders set status='paid',grant_status='granted',grant_type='credits',
+        granted_at=clock_timestamp(),grant_error=null where id=v_order.id;
+      return query select true,'paid'::text,v_credit_grant; return;
+    end if;
+
+    if v_billing_period not in ('day','month','year') or coalesce(v_interval_count,0)<=0 then
+      v_grant_error := 'invalid_period'; exit grant_attempt;
+    end if;
+    select exists(
+      select 1 from public.user_subscriptions s where s.user_id=v_order.user_id and s.status='active'
+        and s.starts_at<=v_now and s.ends_at>v_now and s.product_code<>v_product_code
+    ) into v_overlap;
+    if v_overlap then v_grant_error := 'overlapping_subscription'; exit grant_attempt; end if;
+    select greatest(v_now,coalesce(max(s.ends_at),v_now)) into v_start
+      from public.user_subscriptions s where s.user_id=v_order.user_id and s.product_code=v_product_code and s.status='active';
+    v_end := case v_billing_period
+      when 'day' then v_start+make_interval(days=>v_interval_count)
+      when 'month' then v_start+make_interval(months=>v_interval_count)
+      when 'year' then v_start+make_interval(years=>v_interval_count)
+      else null end;
+    if v_one_time_per_user then
+      insert into public.user_product_redemptions(user_id,product_id,product_code,source_order_id)
+      values(v_order.user_id,v_product_id,v_product_code,v_order.id)
+      on conflict (user_id,product_code) do nothing
+      returning id into v_redemption_id;
+      if v_redemption_id is null then v_grant_error := 'one_time_limit'; exit grant_attempt; end if;
+    end if;
+    insert into public.user_subscriptions(user_id,product_id,source_order_id,status,starts_at,ends_at,activated_at,
+      product_code,product_version,product_snapshot,entitlement_snapshot)
+    values(v_order.user_id,v_product_id,v_order.id,'active',v_start,v_end,v_now,v_product_code,v_product_version,
+      v_order.product_snapshot,v_entitlements) returning id into v_subscription_id;
+    update public.payment_orders set status='paid',grant_status='granted',grant_type=v_product_type,
+      grant_reference_id=v_subscription_id,granted_at=clock_timestamp(),grant_error=null where id=v_order.id;
+    select p.credits into v_balance from public.profiles p where p.id=v_order.user_id;
+    return query select true,'paid'::text,v_balance; return;
+  exception when others then
+    get stacked diagnostics v_error_state=returned_sqlstate,v_error_message=message_text;
+    v_grant_error := left(v_error_state||':'||v_error_message,500);
+  end grant_attempt;
+
+  update public.payment_orders set status='grant_pending',grant_status='failed',
+    grant_type=case when v_product_type='credit_pack' then 'credits' else v_product_type end,
+    grant_reference_id=null,grant_error=left(coalesce(v_grant_error,'grant_failed'),500)
+  where id=v_order.id;
+  return query select false,
+    case when v_grant_error in ('invalid_snapshot','invalid_period','profile_missing','one_time_limit','overlapping_subscription')
+      then v_grant_error else 'grant_failed' end,
+    v_balance;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.settle_epay_order(p_order_no text,p_trade_no text,p_money_cents integer,p_payload_hash text)
+returns table(success boolean,status text,credits integer)
+language sql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$ select * from public.settle_order(p_order_no,p_trade_no,p_money_cents,p_payload_hash); $$;
+
+create or replace function public.require_admin_redemption_reason()
+returns trigger
+language plpgsql
+set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare
+  v_reason text := nullif(btrim(current_setting('app.admin_redemption_reason', true)), '');
+begin
+  if new.action in ('redemption_code.create','redemption_code.update','redemption_code.revoke') then
+    if v_reason is null or char_length(v_reason) > 500 then
+      raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+    end if;
+    new.permission_used := 'billing.adjustments.write';
+    new.reason := v_reason;
+  end if;
+  return new;
+end;
+$$;
+
+revoke all on function public.require_admin_redemption_reason() from public,anon,authenticated,service_role;
+drop trigger if exists admin_redemption_reason_audit on audit.admin_audit_logs;
+create trigger admin_redemption_reason_audit
+  before insert on audit.admin_audit_logs
+  for each row execute function public.require_admin_redemption_reason();
+
+create or replace function public.admin_create_redemption_codes(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid,p_actor_email text,p_actor_role text,p_request_id text,p_codes jsonb,p_reason text
+)
+returns table(id uuid,code_mask text,credits integer,expires_at timestamptz,note text,created_at timestamptz,
+  redeemed_by uuid,redeemed_email text,redeemed_at timestamptz,revoked_by uuid,revoked_at timestamptz)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id,'billing.adjustments.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then
+    raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  perform set_config('app.admin_redemption_reason',btrim(p_reason),true);
+  return query select * from public.admin_create_redemption_codes(
+    p_actor_user_id,p_actor_email,p_actor_role,p_request_id,p_codes
+  );
+end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_update_redemption_code(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid,p_actor_email text,p_actor_role text,p_request_id text,p_code_id uuid,
+  p_set_note boolean,p_note text,p_set_expires_at boolean,p_expires_at timestamptz,p_reason text
+)
+returns table(id uuid,code_mask text,credits integer,expires_at timestamptz,note text,created_at timestamptz,
+  redeemed_by uuid,redeemed_email text,redeemed_at timestamptz,revoked_by uuid,revoked_at timestamptz)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id,'billing.adjustments.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then
+    raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  perform set_config('app.admin_redemption_reason',btrim(p_reason),true);
+  return query select * from public.admin_update_redemption_code(
+    p_actor_user_id,p_actor_email,p_actor_role,p_request_id,p_code_id,
+    p_set_note,p_note,p_set_expires_at,p_expires_at
+  );
+end;
+$$;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid,p_actor_email text,p_actor_role text,p_request_id text,p_code_id uuid,p_reason text
+)
+returns table(id uuid,code_mask text,credits integer,expires_at timestamptz,note text,created_at timestamptz,
+  redeemed_by uuid,redeemed_email text,redeemed_at timestamptz,revoked_by uuid,revoked_at timestamptz)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id,'billing.adjustments.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then
+    raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  perform set_config('app.admin_redemption_reason',btrim(p_reason),true);
+  return query select * from public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(
+    p_actor_user_id,p_actor_email,p_actor_role,p_request_id,p_code_id
+  );
+end;
+$$;
+
+revoke all on function public.admin_create_redemption_codes(uuid,text,text,text,jsonb) from service_role;
+revoke all on function public.admin_update_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,boolean,text,boolean,timestamptz) from service_role;
+revoke all on function public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid) from service_role;
+revoke all on function public.admin_create_redemption_codes(uuid,text,text,text,jsonb,text),
+  public.admin_update_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,boolean,text,boolean,timestamptz,text),
+  public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,text) from public,anon,authenticated,service_role;
+do $$ begin if exists(select 1 from pg_roles where rolname='admin_runtime') then
+  revoke execute on function public.admin_create_redemption_codes(uuid,text,text,text,jsonb) from admin_runtime;
+  revoke execute on function public.admin_update_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,boolean,text,boolean,timestamptz) from admin_runtime;
+  revoke execute on function public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid) from admin_runtime;
+  grant execute on function public.admin_create_redemption_codes(uuid,text,text,text,jsonb,text),
+    public.admin_update_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,boolean,text,boolean,timestamptz,text),
+    public.admin_revoke_redemption_code(uuid,text,text,text,uuid,text) to admin_runtime;
+end if; end $$;
+
+create or replace function public.admin_adjust_order(
+  p_actor_user_id uuid,p_order_id uuid,p_action text,p_expected_version integer,p_reason text,p_request_id text
+)
+returns table(
+  id uuid,order_no text,status text,grant_status text,grant_error text,adjustment_version integer,
+  refund_status text,refund_amount_cents integer,refunded_at timestamptz,action_success boolean
+)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare
+  v_order public.payment_orders%rowtype;
+  v_actor_email text;
+  v_settle record;
+  v_balance integer;
+  v_one_time boolean;
+  v_redemption_id uuid;
+  v_action_success boolean := true;
+begin
+  if not public.admin_has_permission(p_actor_user_id,'billing.adjustments.write') then
+    raise exception 'admin_permission_denied' using errcode='42501';
+  end if;
+  if p_action not in ('retry_grant','compensate','record_refund') then
+    raise exception 'admin_order_action_invalid' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_reason,''))) not between 1 and 500 then
+    raise exception 'admin_reason_required' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  if char_length(btrim(coalesce(p_request_id,''))) not between 1 and 200 then
+    raise exception 'admin_request_id_invalid' using errcode='22023';
+  end if;
+  select lower(btrim(u.email)) into v_actor_email from identity.users u where u.id=p_actor_user_id;
+  if v_actor_email is null then raise exception 'admin_user_not_found' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+
+  select * into v_order from public.payment_orders where payment_orders.id=p_order_id for update;
+  if not found then raise exception 'admin_order_not_found' using errcode='22023'; end if;
+  if exists(select 1 from audit.admin_audit_logs a where a.actor_user_id=p_actor_user_id
+      and a.request_id=btrim(p_request_id) and a.action='billing.order.'||p_action and a.target_id=p_order_id) then
+    return query select v_order.id,v_order.order_no,v_order.status,v_order.grant_status,v_order.grant_error,
+      v_order.adjustment_version,v_order.refund_status,v_order.refund_amount_cents,v_order.refunded_at,
+      v_order.grant_status='granted' or p_action='record_refund';
+    return;
+  end if;
+  if v_order.adjustment_version<>p_expected_version then
+    raise exception 'admin_order_version_conflict' using errcode='40001';
+  end if;
+
+  if p_action='retry_grant' then
+    if v_order.grant_status<>'failed' or v_order.epay_trade_no is null or v_order.raw_notify_payload_hash is null then
+      raise exception 'admin_order_retry_invalid' using errcode='23514';
+    end if;
+    select * into v_settle from public.settle_order(
+      v_order.order_no,v_order.epay_trade_no,v_order.money_cents,v_order.raw_notify_payload_hash
+    );
+    v_action_success := coalesce(v_settle.success,false);
+  elsif p_action='compensate' then
+    if v_order.grant_status<>'failed' or v_order.grant_type<>'credits'
+      or jsonb_typeof(v_order.product_snapshot)<>'object'
+      or jsonb_typeof(v_order.product_snapshot->'oneTimePerUser') is distinct from 'boolean' then
+      raise exception 'admin_order_compensation_invalid' using errcode='23514';
+    end if;
+    if nullif(v_order.product_snapshot->>'productType','') is distinct from 'credit_pack' or v_order.credits<=0 then
+      raise exception 'admin_order_compensation_invalid' using errcode='23514';
+    end if;
+    v_one_time := (v_order.product_snapshot->>'oneTimePerUser')::boolean;
+    select credits into v_balance from public.profiles where profiles.id=v_order.user_id for update;
+    if not found then raise exception 'profile_missing' using errcode='23514'; end if;
+    if v_one_time then
+      insert into public.user_product_redemptions(user_id,product_id,product_code,source_order_id)
+      values(v_order.user_id,v_order.product_id,v_order.product_code,v_order.id)
+      on conflict (user_id,product_code) do nothing returning user_product_redemptions.id into v_redemption_id;
+      if v_redemption_id is null then raise exception 'one_time_limit' using errcode='23514'; end if;
+    end if;
+    update public.profiles set credits=credits+v_order.credits,updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+      where profiles.id=v_order.user_id returning credits into v_balance;
+    insert into public.credit_transactions(user_id,transaction_type,amount,balance_after,request_id)
+      values(v_order.user_id,'compensation',v_order.credits,v_balance,'order-compensation:'||v_order.order_no);
+    update public.payment_orders set status='paid',grant_status='granted',grant_type='credits',
+      granted_at=clock_timestamp(),grant_error=null where payment_orders.id=v_order.id;
+  else
+    if v_order.refund_status<>'none' or v_order.status not in ('paid','granted') or v_order.paid_at is null then
+      raise exception 'admin_order_refund_invalid' using errcode='23514';
+    end if;
+    update public.payment_orders set status='refunded',refund_status='recorded',
+      refund_amount_cents=money_cents,refunded_at=clock_timestamp()
+      where payment_orders.id=v_order.id;
+  end if;
+
+  update public.payment_orders set adjustment_version=payment_orders.adjustment_version+1
+    where payment_orders.id=v_order.id returning * into v_order;
+  insert into audit.admin_audit_logs(actor_user_id,actor_email,actor_role,action,target_type,target_id,
+    before_value,after_value,request_id,permission_used,reason)
+  values(p_actor_user_id,v_actor_email,'admin','billing.order.'||p_action,'payment_order',v_order.id,
+    jsonb_build_object('expectedVersion',p_expected_version),
+    jsonb_build_object('orderNo',v_order.order_no,'status',v_order.status,'grantStatus',v_order.grant_status,
+      'grantError',v_order.grant_error,'adjustmentVersion',v_order.adjustment_version,
+      'refundStatus',v_order.refund_status,'refundAmountCents',v_order.refund_amount_cents,
+      'externalGatewayRefundAttempted',false,'actionSuccess',v_action_success),
+    btrim(p_request_id),'billing.adjustments.write',btrim(p_reason));
+  return query select v_order.id,v_order.order_no,v_order.status,v_order.grant_status,v_order.grant_error,
+    v_order.adjustment_version,v_order.refund_status,v_order.refund_amount_cents,v_order.refunded_at,v_action_success;
+end;
+$$;
+
+revoke all on function public.admin_adjust_order(uuid,uuid,text,integer,text,text)
+  from public,anon,authenticated,service_role;
+do $$ begin if exists(select 1 from pg_roles where rolname='admin_runtime') then
+  grant execute on function public.admin_adjust_order(uuid,uuid,text,integer,text,text) to admin_runtime;
+end if; end $$;
+
+create or replace function public.begin_consultation_credit(p_user_id uuid,p_request_id text)
+returns table(success boolean,credits integer,error_code text)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_auth record;
+begin
+  if exists(select 1 from public.consultation_requests where user_id=p_user_id and request_id=btrim(p_request_id)) then
+    return query select false,(select profiles.credits from public.profiles where id=p_user_id),'request_conflict'::text; return;
+  end if;
+  select * into v_auth from public.authorize_usage(p_user_id,'chat.standard',null,p_request_id,1);
+  if v_auth.success then insert into public.consultation_requests(user_id,request_id,status) values(p_user_id,btrim(p_request_id),'reserved'); end if;
+  return query select v_auth.success,v_auth.credits,v_auth.reason;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.complete_consultation_credit(p_user_id uuid,p_request_id text)
+returns table(success boolean,credits integer,error_code text)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_result record;
+begin
+  select * into v_result from public.complete_usage(p_user_id,p_request_id,'{}'::jsonb);
+  if v_result.success then update public.consultation_requests set status='completed',updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where user_id=p_user_id and request_id=btrim(p_request_id) and status='reserved'; end if;
+  return query select v_result.success,v_result.credits,v_result.error_code;
+end; $$;
+
+create or replace function public.cancel_consultation_credit(p_user_id uuid,p_request_id text)
+returns table(success boolean,credits integer,error_code text)
+language plpgsql security definer set search_path = ''
+as $$
+declare v_result record;
+begin
+  select * into v_result from public.release_usage(p_user_id,p_request_id,'consultation_cancelled');
+  if v_result.success then update public.consultation_requests set status='cancelled',updated_at=clock_timestamp()
+    where user_id=p_user_id and request_id=btrim(p_request_id) and status='reserved'; end if;
+  return query select v_result.success,v_result.credits,v_result.error_code;
+end; $$;
+
+alter table public.usage_reservations enable row level security;
+alter table public.usage_ledger enable row level security;
+alter table public.usage_events enable row level security;
+revoke all on table public.usage_reservations, public.usage_ledger, public.usage_events from public,anon,authenticated;
+grant select on table public.usage_reservations, public.usage_ledger, public.usage_events to service_role;
+revoke all on function public.authorize_usage(uuid,text,text,text,integer),public.complete_usage(uuid,text,jsonb),
+  public.release_usage(uuid,text,text),public.settle_order(text,text,integer,text),public.settle_epay_order(text,text,integer,text),
+  public.begin_consultation_credit(uuid,text),public.complete_consultation_credit(uuid,text),public.cancel_consultation_credit(uuid,text)
+  from public,anon,authenticated;
+grant execute on function public.authorize_usage(uuid,text,text,text,integer),public.complete_usage(uuid,text,jsonb),
+  public.release_usage(uuid,text,text),public.settle_order(text,text,integer,text),public.settle_epay_order(text,text,integer,text),
+  public.begin_consultation_credit(uuid,text),public.complete_consultation_credit(uuid,text),public.cancel_consultation_credit(uuid,text)
+  to service_role;
+do $$ begin if exists(select 1 from pg_roles where rolname='admin_runtime') then
+  grant select on table public.usage_reservations, public.usage_ledger, public.usage_events to admin_runtime;
+end if; end $$;
+
+commit;